Titre : | Prevalence of Delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid in workplace drug testing (2023) |
Auteurs : | S. VIKINGSSON ; E. D. HART ; R. E. WINECKER ; E. J. CONE ; D. J. KUNTZ ; M. CLARK ; M. JACQUES ; E. D. HAYES ; R. R. FLEGEL |
Type de document : | Article : Périodique |
Dans : | Journal of Analytical Toxicology (Vol.47, n°8, November 2023) |
Article en page(s) : | 719-725 |
Langues: | Anglais |
Discipline : | PRO (Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods) |
Mots-clés : |
Thésaurus géographique ETATS-UNISThésaurus mots-clés MILIEU PROFESSIONNEL ; PREVALENCE ; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL ; TOXICOLOGIE ; URINE ; CANNABINOIDES ; ANALYSE CHIMIQUE |
Résumé : | Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) recently became widely available as an alternative to cannabis. Δ8-THC is likely impairing and poses a threat to workplace and traffic safety. In the present study, the prevalence of Δ8-THC in workplace drug testing was investigated by analyzing 1,504 urine specimens with a positive immunoassay cannabinoid initial test using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method quantifying 15 cannabinoid analytes after hydrolysis. Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (Δ8-THC-COOH) was detected in 378 urine specimens (15 ng/mL cutoff), compared to 1,144 specimens containing Δ9-THC-COOH. The data could be divided into three general groups. There were 964 (76%) Δ9-THC-COOH-dominant (<10% Δ8-THC-COOH) and 139 (11%) Δ8-THC-COOH-dominant (>90% Δ8-THC-COOH) specimens, with the remaining 164 (13%) specimens showing a mixture of both analytes (>90% Δ8-THC-COOH). Similar concentrations of Δ9-THC-COOH (median 187 ng/mL) and Δ8-THC-COOH (150 ng/mL) as the dominant species support the use of similar cutoffs and decision rules for both analytes. Apart from the carboxylic acid metabolites, 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-Δ9-THC, n = 1,282), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin-9-carboxylic acid (Δ9-THCV-COOH, n = 1,058), Δ9-THC (n = 746) and 7-hydroxy-cannabidiol (7-OH-CBD, n = 506) were the most prevalent analytes. Two specimens (0.13%) contained >=140 ng/mL Δ9-THC without Δ9-THC-COOH, which could be due to genetic variability in the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2C9 or an adulterant targeting Δ9-THC-COOH. The cannabinoid immunoassay was repeated, and five specimens (0.33%) generated negative initial tests despite Δ9-THC-COOH concentrations of 54-1,000 ng/mL, potentially indicative of adulteration. The use of Δ8-THC is widespread in the US population, and all forensic laboratories should consider adding Δ8-THC and/or Δ8-THC-COOH to their scope of testing. Similar urinary concentrations were observed for both analytes, indicating that the decision rules used for Δ9-THC-COOH are also appropriate for Δ8-THC-COOH. |
Domaine : | Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs |
Refs biblio. : | 18 |
Affiliation : |
Center for Forensic Science Application and Advancement, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Clinical Reference Laboratory, Lenexa, KS, USA Division of Workplace Programs, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD, USA |
Lien : | https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkad068 |
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