Historique
Rapport
Afghan opiate trafficking along the Northern route
Auteur(s) :
ONUDC / UNODC ;
C. CARPENTIER, Coordonnateur
Article en page(s) :
164 p.
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Discipline :
MAR (Marchés / Markets)
Thésaurus géographique
AFGHANISTAN
;
ASIE DU CENTRE
Thésaurus mots-clés
TRAFIC INTERNATIONAL
;
OPIACES
;
MARCHE DE LA DROGUE
;
ORGANISATION CRIMINELLE
;
OPIUM
;
HEROINE
;
AGRICULTURE
;
PRODUCTION
;
SAISIE
;
PRIX
;
PURETE
Résumé :
FRANÇAIS :
Avec le soutien de l'INHESJ, l'Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime (UNODC) a publié en juin 2018 un rapport sur le trafic d'opiacés produits en Afghanistan.
Intégralement rédigé en langue anglaise, ce rapport s'intéresse spécifiquement, sur la période 2011-2015, aux routes dites « Nord » : l'un des trois principaux flux identifiés du transport illicite d'héroïne, de morphine et d'opium produits en Afghanistan en direction des pays consommateurs.
Par rapport aux routes Sud (via l'Afrique) et à celles des Balkans, ces routes Nord présentent en effet deux particularités remarquables.
Tout d'abord, elles reposent largement sur des infrastructures de transport transnationales : routes et voies ferrées. Ensuite, elles n'ont principalement qu'une principale destination : la Fédération de Russie ; dans une moindre mesure les pays d'Asie centrale, ainsi que certains pays européens.
Dans ce rapport, les auteurs se sont attachés à analyser aussi bien les lieux, les flux, les réseaux, les échanges et leurs impacts économiques, l'organisation et la logistique de ces trafics.
David Weinberger, sociologue spécialiste de ces thématiques au sein de l'Institut, a notamment participé aux travaux d'analyse et de rédaction. [Résumé INHESJ]
ENGLISH:
The illicit trade in Afghan opiates represents a global challenge that affects every region of the world except Latin America. The trafficking of opiates from production centres in Afghanistan to consumer markets around the globe requires an infrastructure of routes and facilitation by domestic and international criminal groups.
Drug trafficking routes result from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, geographic proximity, logistics, profit and risk margins. Three major trafficking routes have been identified in relation to opiate trafficking from Afghanistan: the Balkan route, which supplies Western and Central Europe through the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey via South-Eastern Europe; the southern route, through Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Gulf region, Africa, South Asia and, to a lesser extent, South-East Asia, Oceania and North America; and the northern route, through Central Asia to the Russian Federation.
Of the three, the northern route is perhaps the least complex of the major routes used to traffic opiates out of Afghanistan. Bound by geography, the northern route is heavily dependent on overland trajectories, which themselves are based on road and rail infrastructure. Unlike the Balkan and southern routes, which supply many destination markets, and cross multiple different countries, the northern route primarily supplies the Russian Federation and, to a lesser extent, markets in Central Asia. This report presents insights into the trafficking of opiates along the northern route over the period 2011-2015 and, is intended to provide policymakers with an evidence base on which to develop policies and interventions relevant to the countries along the northern route.
The focus of this report is primarily on the numerous sub-routes that make up the northern route, the criminal networks that operate along them and the modus operandi they employ to traffic opiates. In light of the dramatic increases in poppy cultivation and opium production in Afghanistan in 2016 and 2017, the evolution of opiate production in that country is also considered. Where relevant, this report also considers the effect that geopolitical and economic changes in Afghanistan and the northern route countries have on the illicit trade in opiates along the northern route.
Avec le soutien de l'INHESJ, l'Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime (UNODC) a publié en juin 2018 un rapport sur le trafic d'opiacés produits en Afghanistan.
Intégralement rédigé en langue anglaise, ce rapport s'intéresse spécifiquement, sur la période 2011-2015, aux routes dites « Nord » : l'un des trois principaux flux identifiés du transport illicite d'héroïne, de morphine et d'opium produits en Afghanistan en direction des pays consommateurs.
Par rapport aux routes Sud (via l'Afrique) et à celles des Balkans, ces routes Nord présentent en effet deux particularités remarquables.
Tout d'abord, elles reposent largement sur des infrastructures de transport transnationales : routes et voies ferrées. Ensuite, elles n'ont principalement qu'une principale destination : la Fédération de Russie ; dans une moindre mesure les pays d'Asie centrale, ainsi que certains pays européens.
Dans ce rapport, les auteurs se sont attachés à analyser aussi bien les lieux, les flux, les réseaux, les échanges et leurs impacts économiques, l'organisation et la logistique de ces trafics.
David Weinberger, sociologue spécialiste de ces thématiques au sein de l'Institut, a notamment participé aux travaux d'analyse et de rédaction. [Résumé INHESJ]
ENGLISH:
The illicit trade in Afghan opiates represents a global challenge that affects every region of the world except Latin America. The trafficking of opiates from production centres in Afghanistan to consumer markets around the globe requires an infrastructure of routes and facilitation by domestic and international criminal groups.
Drug trafficking routes result from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, geographic proximity, logistics, profit and risk margins. Three major trafficking routes have been identified in relation to opiate trafficking from Afghanistan: the Balkan route, which supplies Western and Central Europe through the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey via South-Eastern Europe; the southern route, through Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Gulf region, Africa, South Asia and, to a lesser extent, South-East Asia, Oceania and North America; and the northern route, through Central Asia to the Russian Federation.
Of the three, the northern route is perhaps the least complex of the major routes used to traffic opiates out of Afghanistan. Bound by geography, the northern route is heavily dependent on overland trajectories, which themselves are based on road and rail infrastructure. Unlike the Balkan and southern routes, which supply many destination markets, and cross multiple different countries, the northern route primarily supplies the Russian Federation and, to a lesser extent, markets in Central Asia. This report presents insights into the trafficking of opiates along the northern route over the period 2011-2015 and, is intended to provide policymakers with an evidence base on which to develop policies and interventions relevant to the countries along the northern route.
The focus of this report is primarily on the numerous sub-routes that make up the northern route, the criminal networks that operate along them and the modus operandi they employ to traffic opiates. In light of the dramatic increases in poppy cultivation and opium production in Afghanistan in 2016 and 2017, the evolution of opiate production in that country is also considered. Where relevant, this report also considers the effect that geopolitical and economic changes in Afghanistan and the northern route countries have on the illicit trade in opiates along the northern route.
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