Historique
Article de Périodique
Human coffee drinking; reinforcing and physical dependence producing effects of caffeine (1986)
(Consommation de café par l'homme : effets renforçateurs et production de dépendance physique par la caféine)
Auteur(s) :
R. R. GRIFFITHS ;
G. E. BIGELOW ;
I. A. LIEBSON
Article en page(s) :
416-425
Refs biblio. :
50
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Discipline :
PAT (Pathologie organique / Organic pathology)
Résumé :
FRANÇAIS :
Test en double aveugle sur 9 sujets grands consommateurs de café avec choix et substitution entre caféiné et décaféiné. Ce dernier provoquerait un syndrome de sevrage qui mènerait à identifier la caféine à une drogue.
ENGLISH:
In a residential research ward coffee drinking was studied in nine volunteer human subjects with histories of heavy coffee drinking. The presence or absence of caffeine in the coffee was manipulated under double-blind conditions by using caffeinated (C) or decaffeinated (D) coffee. When subjects were switched alternately for 10 or more consecutive days between C and D, the daily number of cups consumed tended to be relatively stable. In a different experiment, preference for C vs. D was assessed. After experimenter-scheduled exposures, subjects were given choices between C and D. When subjects were presumably caffeine tolerant/dependent, C was rated as being better liked than D and was reliably preferred to D in choice tests. When subjects were not caffeine tolerant/dependent, C was not reliably preferred to D, nor were there pronounced differences in ratings of liking. Under these conditions, some subjects preferred D to C, citing adverse symptoms (suggesting caffeine toxicity) as reasons for avoiding C. The effects of caffeine withdrawal were studied by abruptly substituting D for C for 10 or more days. This resulted in an orderly withdrawal syndrome, having an onset latency of 19 hr, peaking on days 1 and 2, and decreasing progressively over the next 5 or 6 days. The withdrawal syndrome, which was detected on subject-rated, staff-rated and objective behavioral measures, was characterized by increased headache, sleepiness and laziness and decreased alertness and activeness. The present study demonstrates the reinforcing effects of caffeine in humans and also documents the severity of the caffeine withdrawal syndrome. It is concluded that caffeine has the cardinal features of a prototypic drug of abuse.
Test en double aveugle sur 9 sujets grands consommateurs de café avec choix et substitution entre caféiné et décaféiné. Ce dernier provoquerait un syndrome de sevrage qui mènerait à identifier la caféine à une drogue.
ENGLISH:
In a residential research ward coffee drinking was studied in nine volunteer human subjects with histories of heavy coffee drinking. The presence or absence of caffeine in the coffee was manipulated under double-blind conditions by using caffeinated (C) or decaffeinated (D) coffee. When subjects were switched alternately for 10 or more consecutive days between C and D, the daily number of cups consumed tended to be relatively stable. In a different experiment, preference for C vs. D was assessed. After experimenter-scheduled exposures, subjects were given choices between C and D. When subjects were presumably caffeine tolerant/dependent, C was rated as being better liked than D and was reliably preferred to D in choice tests. When subjects were not caffeine tolerant/dependent, C was not reliably preferred to D, nor were there pronounced differences in ratings of liking. Under these conditions, some subjects preferred D to C, citing adverse symptoms (suggesting caffeine toxicity) as reasons for avoiding C. The effects of caffeine withdrawal were studied by abruptly substituting D for C for 10 or more days. This resulted in an orderly withdrawal syndrome, having an onset latency of 19 hr, peaking on days 1 and 2, and decreasing progressively over the next 5 or 6 days. The withdrawal syndrome, which was detected on subject-rated, staff-rated and objective behavioral measures, was characterized by increased headache, sleepiness and laziness and decreased alertness and activeness. The present study demonstrates the reinforcing effects of caffeine in humans and also documents the severity of the caffeine withdrawal syndrome. It is concluded that caffeine has the cardinal features of a prototypic drug of abuse.
Affiliation :
Dept Psychiat. Behav. Sci., ohn Hopkins Univ. Sch. Med., Baltimore, MD
Etats-Unis. United States.
Etats-Unis. United States.