FRANÇAIS :
Pour souligner le lien existant entre types d'usage de drogues et durée du séjour en maternité, cette étude s'appuie sur une comparaison entre trois groupes d'enfants de mères toxicomanes (41 enfants au total) pris en charge dans des services de néonatologie : ceux dont les mères étaient pendant la grossesse sous méthadone uniquement, ceux dont les mères associaient à la méthadone d'autres produits, et ceux dont les mères consommaient des produits opiacés autres que la méthadone. Il apparaît que la durée du séjour, ainsi que les besoins en traitement, sont très supérieurs chez les nouveaux-nés exposés à la méthadone et à d'autres drogues, comparés à ceux exposés à des opiacés autres que la méthadone.

ENGLISH :
Infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) may require a prolonged neonatal unit admission, which has implications for both their families and bed occupancy. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the duration of neonatal unit stay would be influenced by the type of maternal drug use and particularly prolonged for the infants whose mothers had taken methadone with other substances. Design : The medical records of infants born at term who were admitted consecutively to a neonatal unit because of NAS were reviewed. Data were collected regarding antenatal and neonatal factors likely to affect neonatal stay. Comparisons were then made between three groups of infants: those whose mothers took methadone alone, methadone plus other drugs or non-methadone opioids. Participants : Forty-one infants with a median gestational age of 39 (range 37-42) weeks. The 41 infants had a median duration of admission of 30 (range 3-68) days. Thirty-six of the infants required treatment for NAS; their median duration of treatment was 29 (range 6-68) days. The duration of stay and requirement for treatment were greater in the infants exposed to methadone and other drugs compared to those exposed to non-methadone opioids only (P=0.0212, P=0.0343, respectively). The duration of stay without requirement for treatment was also longest in the methadone plus other drugs group (P = 0.0117). Conclusions Prolonged treatment and neonatal unit stay are influenced by the type of maternal drug abused. (From author' s abstract)