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MAR : Marchés / Markets |
Ouvrages de la bibliothèque en indexation MAR (1912)
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The Afghan Opiate Trade Project (AOTP) Opiate trafficking along the early stages of the Balkan route
Afghanistan continues to be the major global source of opium production. While heroin is primarily produced in Afghanistan, it is possible that heroin production also takes place outside Afghanistan. The opiates produced in Afghanistan are traff[...]Périodique
R. VARGAS | 2002ENGLISH : Colombia's impetus to cultivate cannabis emerged as a result of the eradication actions undertaken since 1975 under the aegis of 'Operation Condor' in Mexico. Between 1976 and 1979, Colombia was the main producer of marijuana, its ch[...]Article : Périodique
For much of the past twenty-five years, the US-led war on drugs has been premised on a fundamental misunderstanding of Colombian drug trade. Instead of being run by a handful of massive, price-fixing 'cartels', the Colombian drug trade, then and[...]Article : Périodique
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recreational cannabis has been legalized in 11 states and District of Columbia (DC) in the United States. Among these, 10 states further permitted retail sale to provide a legal supply to adults. This study examined the asso[...]Article : Périodique
AIMS Few studies have examined the statistical association between methamphetamine/amphetamine use and acquisitive crime. Both methamphetamine/amphetamine and cannabis use have been implicated by New Zealand Police as factors in acquisitive offe[...]Article : Périodique
K. MEYERS ; O. KAYNAK ; E. BRESANI ; B. CURTIS ; A. MCNAMARA ; K. BROWNFIELD ; K. C. KIRBY |Background: "Bath salts", a derivative of cathinone, a naturally occurring beta-ketone amphetamine analogue found in the leaves of the khat (Catha edulis) plant, is a potent class of designer drugs associated with significant medical and psychia[...]Article : Périodique
J. P. CAULKINS ; A. TALLAKSEN ; J. TAYLOR ; B. KILMER ; P. REUTER |The 2000-2001 and the 2022-2023 Taliban opium bans were and could be two of the largest ever disruptions to a major illegal drug market. To help understand potential implications of the current ban for Europe, this paper analyzes how opioid mark[...]Congrès
CSERNE I. ; ERDELYI I. | 1991Après avoir évoqué les précédentes vagues de consommation de drogues en Hongrie (années 70 et 80), l'auteur brosse un tableau de la situation actuelle. A côté des polytoxicomanes et des jeunes usagers de solvants, le noyau dur des usagers d'opia[...]Rapport
J. A. MIRON | 2010Government prohibition of drugs is the subject of ongoing debate. One issue in this debate is the effect of prohibition on government budgets. Prohibition entails direct enforcement costs and prevents taxation of drug production and sale. This[...]Article : Périodique
R. COOMBER ; L. MOYLE ; V. BELACKOVA ; T. DECORTE ; P. HAKKARAINEN ; A. HATHAWAY ; K. J. LAIDLER ; S. LENTON ; S. MURPHY ; J. SCOTT ; M. STEFUNKOVA ; K. VAN DE VEN ; M. VLAEMYNCK ; B. WERSE |Background: It is now commonly accepted that there exists a form of drug supply, that involves the non-commercial supply of drugs to friends and acquaintances for little or no profit, which is qualitatively different from profit motivated 'drug [...]Livre
As cannabis legalization reforms are underway, there is some concern that non-profit, 'middle ground' options may remain under-researched and thus less visible. This book offers an in-depth account of one of the possible 'middle ground' models f[...]Article : Périodique
The emergent industry of indoor Cannabis production - legal in some jurisdictions and illicit in others - utilizes highly energy intensive processes to control environmental conditions during cultivation. This article estimates the energy consum[...]Article : Périodique
The shift to (inter)regional production, trade and domestic cultivation has become an irreversible international trend. Until now, the focus of most empirical work has been on large-scale, commercially oriented and professionally organized segme[...]Rapport
UNODC launched the Global Synthetics Monitoring: Analyses, Reporting and Trends (SMART) Programme in September 2008. The Programme seeks to enhance the capacity of Member States and authorities in priority regions, to generate, manage, analyse a[...]Rapport
C. PAUL ; A. GEREBEN SCHAEFER ; C. P. CLARKE | Santa Monica, CA : Rand Corporation | Monograph series | 2011Violent drug-trafficking organizations (VDTOs) in Mexico produce, transship, and deliver into the United States tens of billions of dollars worth of narcotics annually, but their activities are not limited to drug trafficking. VDTOs have also en[...]Article : Périodique
Over the last half century, Japan has undergone considerable political, economic and social change. In response to these changes, Japan's criminal organisations, collectively known as yakuza, have themselves rapidly adapted. This chapter explore[...]Article : Périodique
With improvements in both technology and information, cannabis is being increasingly grown indoors for domestic use rather than being imported. This study examines 50 cannabis farms detected by an English police force and examines the characteri[...]Article : Périodique
Gambetta's theoretical framework focuses on two important aspects directly relating to the birth and development of mafias, namely a demand for private protection and a supply of the same. In the Post-Mao era, China started its transition from a[...]Article : Périodique
ENGLISH : The article examines Inner Asia's drug problem, which arose in the nineteenth century during the China's last dynasty, the Manchu Qing (1644-1911). It establishes a relationship between China proper's market system of smokeable opium[...]Article : Périodique
Objectives: To gain an understanding of the role of pack design in tobacco marketing. Methods: A search of tobacco company document sites using a list of specified search terms was undertaken during November 2000 to July 2001. Results: Documen[...]Rapport
In the Middle East, the two main target markets for international tobacco companies are the Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq. Both the Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq represent huge possibilities for international cigarette companies. Indeed,[...]Article : Périodique
The FBI seizure and closure of the Silk Road has sparked a proliferation of users migrating to alternate dark web market-places to continue trade of illicit substances. The present editorial seeks to quantify the increase in retailers and explor[...]Rapport
When Mexico's drug cartels forced Colombian traffickers out of the US cocaine market, they seized control of the most coveted prize in the global drug trade. But the smartest traffickers soon began to turn elsewhere, to a market where the profit[...]Rapport
L'évolution de la consommation de la cocaïne, sous forme de poudre dans les années 70 et 80, puis sous forme de crack à partir de 1985, a transformé la nature du trafic et a conduit à une nouvelle classe d'usagers de drogue. Les organisations cr[...]Livre
GERRITSEN J. W. | Leiden : Brill | International Studies in sociology and social anthropology | 2000ENGLISH : "The Control of Fuddle and Flash: A Sociological History of the Regulation of Alcohol and Opiates" provides a historical and comparative overview describing the regulation of the use of alcohol and drugs (opiates) in the United State[...]Article : Périodique
Increasingly since the end of the Cold War and the subsequent decline of state sponsorship for terrorism, organised criminal activities have become a major revenue source for terrorist groups worldwide. Building on the precedent set by narco-ter[...]Article : Périodique
The illicit drug cutting represents a complex problem that requires the sharing of knowledge from addiction studies, toxicology, criminology and criminalistics. Therefore, cutting is not well known by the forensic community. Thus, this review [...]Périodique
R. COOMBER | 1999FRANÇAIS : Cette étude examine la nature des pratiques d'adultération et de dilution des drogues (« coupage ») concernant les produits illicites, lhéroïne en particulier, aux Etats-Unis dans les années 1990. Le modèle conventionnel partant du p[...]Périodique
P. A. CHOUVY | 2005ENGLISH : Campaigns to eradicate opium in Afghanistan, Myanmar and Laos risk being counterproductive in the mid-term as prices are driven up and rural poverty is exacerbated, leading to displacement of production rather than eradication. Pierr[...]Article : Périodique
BACKGROUND: Cannabis is one of the most commonly sold drugs on cryptomarkets. Because of the anonymity-granting functions of Tor, no study has traced the within-country effect of the Dark Web on cannabis consumption patterns. This article uses a[...]Article : Périodique
B. PARDO ; J. TAYLOR ; J. CAULKINS ; P. REUTER ; B. KILMER |BACKGROUND: Overdose deaths related to illegal drugs in North American markets are now dominated by potent synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, a circumstance foreshadowed by often-overlooked events in Estonia since the turn of the century. Marke[...]Article : Périodique
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effects of heroin prices, cocaine prices and marijuana decriminalization on the demand for these three drugs, respectively. There are few prior empirical studies in this area because data have been di[...]Article : Périodique
Drug trade is widely seen as a phenomenon rather new to the Netherlands. owever, at the beginning of the 20th century the Dutch pharmaceutical industries were already extensively involved in the production of both opiates and cocaine, and they w[...]Rapport
The emergence of more pragmatic and less punitive approaches to the drugs issue may represent the beginning of change in the current global drug control regime. The spread of HIV/AIDS among injecting drug users, the overcrowding of prisons, the [...]Article : Périodique
J. J. SCHENSUL ; DIAMOND S. ; DISCH W. ; R. BERMUDEZ ; EISERMAN J. |Ecstasy is a drug commonly associated with all-night, or all-weekend electronic dance events known as raves. Upper- and middle-class clubs, gay bars and clubs, and party venues are other common public settings where ecstasy use occurs. During th[...]Article : Périodique
INTRODUCTION: Performance and image-enhancing drugs (PIEDs), also known as "lifestyle drugs," are increasingly sold on the Internet to enhance cognitive as well as sexual, muscular, attentive, and other natural capacities. Our analysis focuses o[...]Article : Périodique
The review in this issue of the International Journal of Drug Policy (Grund, Latypov, & Harris, 2013) highlights the disturbing harms caused by the increasing use of 'krokodil' by people who inject drugs (PWID) in Eurasia. The growing use of thi[...]Périodique
RAISDANA F. ; NAKHJAVANI A. G. | 2002ENGLISH : This article reviews the history of the opium and heroin market in Iran, presents recent figures on the economics of drug trafficking, summarizes factors that influence supply and demand, and quantitatively analyzes the market. It an[...]Rapport
L'objectif de l'étude est de déterminer comment les changements dans la société créent des facteurs de vulnérabilité favorisant la production, le trafic et la consommation de drogues. Pour la plupart des pays sub-sahariens, les problèmes de drog[...]Périodique
CHEURPRAKOBKIT S. | 2000FRANÇAIS : La Thaïlande est confrontée depuis longtemps au problème de la drogue et a essayé différentes stratégies nationales préventives, curatives et répressives ainsi que des stratégies de coopération internationales. Les résultats récents,[...]Rapport
David A. Shirk analyzes the drug war in Mexico, explores Mexico’s capacities and limitations, examines the factors that have undermined effective state performance, assesses the prospects for U.S. support to strengthen critical state institution[...]Rapport
The purpose of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness and impacts of one of the key U.S. supply side-interdiction programs in the War on Drugs in Latin America. This strategy, known as "Air Bridge Denial", seeks to reduce the amount of coc[...]Congrès
TNI ; The economic impact of the illicit drug industry (5-6 december 2003) | Amsterdam : Expert Seminar, TNI Crime and Globalisation | 2004ENGLISH : The first activity of the new TNI project, Crime & Globalisation, was a seminar on The Economic Impact of the Illicit Drug Industry. Goal of the seminar was to assess the global business volume of the illegal drug industry and to loo[...]Congrès
A. C. M. JANSEN ; 2nd European Conference on Drug Trafficking and Law Enforcement (26-27 September, 2002; Paris) | 2002FRANÇAIS : L'eurocannabis est une variété assez nouvelle de cannabis. Il est principalement mais pas exclusivement produit en intérieur, sous lumière artificielle. Il est cultivé sur des sols enrichis ou en culture hydroponique et son cycle de[...]Chapitre
Article : Périodique
D. MEJIA ; P. RESTREPO |We model the war on drugs in source countries as a conflict over scarce inputs in successive levels of the production and trafficking chain, and study how policies aimed at different stages affect prices and quantities in upstream and downstream[...]Périodique
Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS) are proving to be a genuine growth market in the drugs industry as well as for drug control bureaucracies. But what do we really know about the global synthetic drug market? In 2003, the UNODC tried to put toget[...]Périodique
J. A. MIRON | 2003ENGLISH : This paper examines the effect of drug prohibition on the black market prices of cocaine and heroin. The paper examines the ration of retail to farmgate price for cocaine, heroin, and several legal goods, and it compares legal versus[...]Périodique
C. CHATWIN | 2004ENGLISH : In May this year ten new countries joined the existing European Union (EU) member states after long and complex accession negotiations. This article examines preparations for accession that were made in the area of illicit drug polic[...]Article : Périodique
There have been large structural changes in the US heroin market over the past 20 years. Colombian-sourced heroin entered the market in the mid-1990s, followed by a large fall in the price per pure gram and the exit of Asian heroin. By the 2000s[...]