Substances et performance à l'adolescence. Résultats de l'enquête ESPAD 2015 menée auprès des lycéens français [Rapport] / E. JANSSEN ; S. SPILKA  . -  Note n°2018-02 . - Saint-Denis : OFDT, 2018 . - 7 p.
Langues : Français (fre)

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Organismes OFDT Thésaurus TOXIBASE ESPAD ; DOPAGE ; PERFORMANCE ; ADOLESCENT ; SPORT ; SEXE ; STRESS ; EFFET RECHERCHE ; BOISSON ENERGISANTE ; MEDICAMENTS ; CANNABIS ; ANTALGIQUES
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Cette note analyse les réponses des lycéens interrogés en 2015 lors de l'enquête European School Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) à propos de pratiques destinées à améliorer leurs performances à l'occasion d'activités sportives mais aussi dans le contexte de la préparation des examens. L'utilisation de substances afin d'améliorer les performances sportives concerne un lycéen sur quinze (7 %). Le dopage sportif stricto sensu, soit l'utilisation de substances prescrites ou illicites, est bien moindre et ne concerne qu'un lycéen sur cinquante (2 %). Dans ces deux cas, il s'agit de comportements masculins, alors que le recours, plus fréquent, à des substances afin de lutter contre stress et la fatigue s'avère être une conduite plus féminine. Enfin, un lycéen sur six (16 %) déclare avoir pris au cours des 12 derniers mois un produit dans le cadre de la préparation d'un examen. Cette pratique est plus souvent déclarée par les filles.
Domaine :	Autres substances / Other substances ; Dopage / Doping ; Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Refs biblio. :	8
Affiliation :	OFDT, France
Cote :	OFDT-18.8
Lien :	https://www.ofdt.fr/publications/collections/notes/substances-et-performance-lad [...]
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80332

[article] 
inDrug and Alcohol Review > Vol.37, Suppl.1 (April 2018) . - S268-S276

Titre :	Self-reported injection practices among people who use drugs in French prisons: Public health implications (ANRS-Coquelicot survey 2011-2013)
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	L. MICHEL ; P. TROUILLER ; A. CHOLLET ; M. MOLINIER ; L. DUCHESNE ; M. JAUFFRET-ROUSTIDE ; ANRS-Coquelicot Study Group
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	S268-S276
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE INJECTION ; PRISON ; REDUCTION DES RISQUES ; ETUDE QUALITATIVE ; PARTAGE DE SERINGUE ; INCARCERATION ; VIH ; HEPATITE ; ETUDE TRANSVERSALE ; TYPE D'USAGE ; PROFIL SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIQUE ; CONDUITE A RISQUE
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Introduction and Aims: The aims of this study were to describe the prevalences of injection practices and needle/syringe sharing in people who use drugs in French prisons, and to investigate associated factors. Design and Methods: Using the ANRS-Coquelicot survey (2011-2013), a random sample of 1718 people who used drugs in free society was included. Information regarding a history of incarceration, drug-injection practices inside prison and needle/syringe sharing was collected during interviews. Results: In our sample, 65.5% reported a history of injection and 57.4% had been incarcerated at least once. Among those who reported both of these conditions, 14% reported injection practices inside prison, 40.5% of whom had shared needles/syringes. In the multivariable model, the following variables were associated with injection practices inside prison: being a Russian-speaking detainee, having spent more time in prison, and having started to inject before 1996 and especially before 1987. Being Russian speaking was also associated with needle/syringe sharing in prison. Discussion and Conclusions: The prevalences of injection practices and needle/syringe sharing in prisons are alarmingly high. Effective interventions to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases among people who use drugs in the prison setting are essential. The implementation of international recommendations on the principle of equivalence between prisons and the community is still very limited in most countries, and should be complemented with tailored interventions for the most vulnerable prison populations, especially Russian-speaking detainees.
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Refs biblio. :	35
Affiliation :	Cermes 3 (Inserm U988/UMR CNRS 8211/EHESS/Paris Descartes University), Paris, France
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80318

[article] Self-reported injection practices among people who use drugs in French prisons: Public health implications (ANRS-Coquelicot survey 2011-2013) [Périodique] / L. MICHEL ; P. TROUILLER ; A. CHOLLET ; M. MOLINIER ; L. DUCHESNE ; M. JAUFFRET-ROUSTIDE ; ANRS-Coquelicot Study Group . - 2018 . - S268-S276.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Drug and Alcohol Review > Vol.37, Suppl.1 (April 2018) . - S268-S276

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE INJECTION ; PRISON ; REDUCTION DES RISQUES ; ETUDE QUALITATIVE ; PARTAGE DE SERINGUE ; INCARCERATION ; VIH ; HEPATITE ; ETUDE TRANSVERSALE ; TYPE D'USAGE ; PROFIL SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIQUE ; CONDUITE A RISQUE
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Introduction and Aims: The aims of this study were to describe the prevalences of injection practices and needle/syringe sharing in people who use drugs in French prisons, and to investigate associated factors. Design and Methods: Using the ANRS-Coquelicot survey (2011-2013), a random sample of 1718 people who used drugs in free society was included. Information regarding a history of incarceration, drug-injection practices inside prison and needle/syringe sharing was collected during interviews. Results: In our sample, 65.5% reported a history of injection and 57.4% had been incarcerated at least once. Among those who reported both of these conditions, 14% reported injection practices inside prison, 40.5% of whom had shared needles/syringes. In the multivariable model, the following variables were associated with injection practices inside prison: being a Russian-speaking detainee, having spent more time in prison, and having started to inject before 1996 and especially before 1987. Being Russian speaking was also associated with needle/syringe sharing in prison. Discussion and Conclusions: The prevalences of injection practices and needle/syringe sharing in prisons are alarmingly high. Effective interventions to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases among people who use drugs in the prison setting are essential. The implementation of international recommendations on the principle of equivalence between prisons and the community is still very limited in most countries, and should be complemented with tailored interventions for the most vulnerable prison populations, especially Russian-speaking detainees.
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Refs biblio. :	35
Affiliation :	Cermes 3 (Inserm U988/UMR CNRS 8211/EHESS/Paris Descartes University), Paris, France
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80318

[article] 
inDrug and Alcohol Review > Vol.37, Suppl.1 (April 2018) . - S89-S97

Titre :	Benefits and drawbacks of social non-drinking identified by British university students
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	D. CONROY ; R. O. DE VISSER
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	S89-S97
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ROYAUME-UNI Thésaurus TOXIBASE ALCOOL ; MILIEU ETUDIANT ; ABSTINENCE ; JEUNE ; INTERVENTION ; MOTIVATION ; USAGE MODERE ; SEXE
Discipline :	SHS Sciences humaines et sociales / Human and social sciences
Résumé :	INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Promoting the benefits of not drinking alcohol during social occasions where other peers may be drinking ('social non-drinking') may support more moderate drinking among young people. We analysed free-text responses from university students to gauge the frequency/focus of identified benefits of, and drawbacks to, social non-drinking. We also assessed whether/how identified benefits and drawbacks were associated with recent drinking behaviour and psychological correlates of harmful drinking. DESIGN AND METHODS: Secondary data analyses were conducted on 511 free-text responses provided by students participating in a health intervention. Template analysis was used to identify potential benefits of social non-drinking. Links between responses relating to social non-drinking and behavioural/psychological measures were assessed. RESULTS: 46.2% of female students and 42.0% of male students had engaged in social non-drinking in the previous week. Overarching benefits of social non-drinking included: improved physical and psychological health; increased self-esteem/agency; a higher quality social life and having a more stable/productive life. Hostility/ambivalence to social non-drinking was evident in 26.6% of responses. Among women only, endorsing higher self-esteem and agency as a benefit of social non-drinking was associated with increased intention to heed government drinking recommendations (beta = 0.10, P = 0.036). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Focus on social non-drinking may help encourage more moderate drinking among young people by articulating positives of social non-drinking while raising awareness of a changing normative context in which non-drinking is increasingly more common among young people.
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Refs biblio. :	32
Affiliation :	Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80317

[article] Benefits and drawbacks of social non-drinking identified by British university students [Périodique] / D. CONROY ; R. O. DE VISSER . - 2018 . - S89-S97.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Drug and Alcohol Review > Vol.37, Suppl.1 (April 2018) . - S89-S97

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ROYAUME-UNI Thésaurus TOXIBASE ALCOOL ; MILIEU ETUDIANT ; ABSTINENCE ; JEUNE ; INTERVENTION ; MOTIVATION ; USAGE MODERE ; SEXE
Discipline :	SHS Sciences humaines et sociales / Human and social sciences
Résumé :	INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Promoting the benefits of not drinking alcohol during social occasions where other peers may be drinking ('social non-drinking') may support more moderate drinking among young people. We analysed free-text responses from university students to gauge the frequency/focus of identified benefits of, and drawbacks to, social non-drinking. We also assessed whether/how identified benefits and drawbacks were associated with recent drinking behaviour and psychological correlates of harmful drinking. DESIGN AND METHODS: Secondary data analyses were conducted on 511 free-text responses provided by students participating in a health intervention. Template analysis was used to identify potential benefits of social non-drinking. Links between responses relating to social non-drinking and behavioural/psychological measures were assessed. RESULTS: 46.2% of female students and 42.0% of male students had engaged in social non-drinking in the previous week. Overarching benefits of social non-drinking included: improved physical and psychological health; increased self-esteem/agency; a higher quality social life and having a more stable/productive life. Hostility/ambivalence to social non-drinking was evident in 26.6% of responses. Among women only, endorsing higher self-esteem and agency as a benefit of social non-drinking was associated with increased intention to heed government drinking recommendations (beta = 0.10, P = 0.036). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Focus on social non-drinking may help encourage more moderate drinking among young people by articulating positives of social non-drinking while raising awareness of a changing normative context in which non-drinking is increasingly more common among young people.
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Refs biblio. :	32
Affiliation :	Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80317

[article] 
inRevue de Pneumologie Clinique > Vol.74, n°3 (Juin 2018) . - 145-153

Titre :	Les anciens et nouveaux produits du tabac
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	P. ARVERS ; G. MATHERN ; B. DAUTZENBERG
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	145-153
Langues :	Français (fre)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE TABAC ; CIGARETTE ; NARGUILE ; MATERIEL LIE A L'USAGE ; FUMER ; CHIQUER ; FACTEUR DE RISQUE ; TYPE D'USAGE Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE
Discipline :	PRO Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods
Résumé :	FRANÇAIS : L'utilisation du tabac ne se résume pas à la cigarette manufacturée. Le tabac à rouler, très prisé au décours de l'augmentation des prix, est estimé plus porteur d'agents toxiques que son homologue. La présente étude montre que l'usage du cigare, de la pipe, des cigarillos et du narguilé entraîne également une cohorte de pathologies similaires ou supérieures à ce qui est connu pour la consommation de simples cigarettes. Les formes exotiques, liquides ou chauffées le font tout autant. Le tabac non fumé (prise, chique), souvent tombé en désuétude en France est très utilisé aux États-Unis et surtout en Scandinavie. Dénué de produits inhalés, il est souvent pointé comme une forme de réduction des risques tabagiques. Son utilisation par les sportifs de tous les pays au titre d'une conduite dopante, notamment dans les disciplines du ski, a nécessité une campagne de prévention au sein des fédérations concernées. ENGLISH: Tobacco use is not just about manufactured cigarettes. Rolling tobacco, highly prized in the wake of price increases, is estimated to carry more toxic agents than its counterpart. This study shows that the use of cigar, pipe, cigarillos and narghile also leads to a cohort of pathologies similar to or more than what is known for smoking single cigarettes. Exotic, liquid or heated forms do just as much. The non-smoked tobacco, often fallen into disuse in France is very used in the United States and especially in Scandinavia. Denuded of inhaled products, it is often pointed as a form of reduction of smoking risks. Its use by athletes in all countries as a doping attitude, especially in ski disciplines, required a campaign of prevention within the federations concerned.
Domaine :	Tabac / Tobacco
Sous-type de document :	Revue de la littérature / Literature review
Refs biblio. :	60
Affiliation :	Institut Rhône-Alpes Auvergne de tabacologie, Lyon, France Service de pneumologie, groupe hospitalier Salpêtrière, Paris, France
Lien :	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0761841718301032
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80313

[article] Les anciens et nouveaux produits du tabac [Périodique] / P. ARVERS ; G. MATHERN ; B. DAUTZENBERG . - 2018 . - 145-153.
Langues : Français (fre)
in Revue de Pneumologie Clinique > Vol.74, n°3 (Juin 2018) . - 145-153

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE TABAC ; CIGARETTE ; NARGUILE ; MATERIEL LIE A L'USAGE ; FUMER ; CHIQUER ; FACTEUR DE RISQUE ; TYPE D'USAGE Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE
Discipline :	PRO Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods
Résumé :	FRANÇAIS : L'utilisation du tabac ne se résume pas à la cigarette manufacturée. Le tabac à rouler, très prisé au décours de l'augmentation des prix, est estimé plus porteur d'agents toxiques que son homologue. La présente étude montre que l'usage du cigare, de la pipe, des cigarillos et du narguilé entraîne également une cohorte de pathologies similaires ou supérieures à ce qui est connu pour la consommation de simples cigarettes. Les formes exotiques, liquides ou chauffées le font tout autant. Le tabac non fumé (prise, chique), souvent tombé en désuétude en France est très utilisé aux États-Unis et surtout en Scandinavie. Dénué de produits inhalés, il est souvent pointé comme une forme de réduction des risques tabagiques. Son utilisation par les sportifs de tous les pays au titre d'une conduite dopante, notamment dans les disciplines du ski, a nécessité une campagne de prévention au sein des fédérations concernées. ENGLISH: Tobacco use is not just about manufactured cigarettes. Rolling tobacco, highly prized in the wake of price increases, is estimated to carry more toxic agents than its counterpart. This study shows that the use of cigar, pipe, cigarillos and narghile also leads to a cohort of pathologies similar to or more than what is known for smoking single cigarettes. Exotic, liquid or heated forms do just as much. The non-smoked tobacco, often fallen into disuse in France is very used in the United States and especially in Scandinavia. Denuded of inhaled products, it is often pointed as a form of reduction of smoking risks. Its use by athletes in all countries as a doping attitude, especially in ski disciplines, required a campaign of prevention within the federations concerned.
Domaine :	Tabac / Tobacco
Sous-type de document :	Revue de la littérature / Literature review
Refs biblio. :	60
Affiliation :	Institut Rhône-Alpes Auvergne de tabacologie, Lyon, France Service de pneumologie, groupe hospitalier Salpêtrière, Paris, France
Lien :	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0761841718301032
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80313

[article] 
inEuropean Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience > Vol.268, n°4 (June 2018) . - 317-319

Titre :	Alert out on tobacco and alcohol consumption in young European women [Editorial]
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	F. THIBAUT
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	317-319
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique EUROPE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ALCOOL ; TABAC ; SEXE FEMININ ; DIFFERENCE DE GENRE ; GROSSESSE
Discipline :	SAN Santé publique / Public health
Résumé :	Europe is the heaviest drinking and smoking region in the world. Tobacco and alcohol use are gradually increasing in women with a close prevalence of tobacco and heavy alcohol use in girls and boys. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics differences, reward process specificities and female hormones play a major role in gender differences in addictive behaviors. Therefore, health consequences differ according to gender. Further research is needed on gender differences in addiction. Information, education on the impact of hazardous alcohol consumption and related harm as well as on the consequences of tobacco use is urgently required in girls and childbearing age women.
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol ; Tabac / Tobacco
Sous-type de document :	Editorial
Refs biblio. :	11
Affiliation :	University Hospital Cochin (site Tarnier), University Sorbonne Paris-Cité (Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes), INSERM U 894, Centre Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-018-0901-7
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80312

[article] Alert out on tobacco and alcohol consumption in young European women [Editorial] [Périodique] / F. THIBAUT . - 2018 . - 317-319.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience > Vol.268, n°4 (June 2018) . - 317-319

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique EUROPE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ALCOOL ; TABAC ; SEXE FEMININ ; DIFFERENCE DE GENRE ; GROSSESSE
Discipline :	SAN Santé publique / Public health
Résumé :	Europe is the heaviest drinking and smoking region in the world. Tobacco and alcohol use are gradually increasing in women with a close prevalence of tobacco and heavy alcohol use in girls and boys. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics differences, reward process specificities and female hormones play a major role in gender differences in addictive behaviors. Therefore, health consequences differ according to gender. Further research is needed on gender differences in addiction. Information, education on the impact of hazardous alcohol consumption and related harm as well as on the consequences of tobacco use is urgently required in girls and childbearing age women.
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol ; Tabac / Tobacco
Sous-type de document :	Editorial
Refs biblio. :	11
Affiliation :	University Hospital Cochin (site Tarnier), University Sorbonne Paris-Cité (Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes), INSERM U 894, Centre Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-018-0901-7
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80312

[article] 
inBritish Journal of Psychiatry > Vol.212, n°4 (April 2018) . - 227-233

Titre :	Adolescent cannabis use, baseline prodromal symptoms and the risk of psychosis
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	A. MUSTONEN ; S. NIEMELA ; T. NORDSTROM ; G. K. MURRAY ; P. MAKI ; E. JAASKELAINEN ; J. MIETTUNEN
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	227-233
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FINLANDE Thésaurus TOXIBASE COHORTE ; ADOLESCENT ; CANNABIS ; PSYCHOSE ; FACTEUR DE RISQUE ; SYMPTOME ; ETUDE PROSPECTIVE ; PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE
Discipline :	PSY Psychopathologie / Psychopathology
Résumé :	Background: The association between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis has been studied extensively but the temporal order still remains controversial. Aims: To examine the association between cannabis use in adolescence and the risk of psychosis after adjustment for prodromal symptoms and other potential confounders. Method: The sample (n = 6534) was composed of the prospective general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1986. Information on prodromal symptoms of psychosis and cannabis use was collected using questionnaires at age 15-16 years. Participants were followed up for ICD-10 psychotic disorders until age 30 years using nationwide registers. Results: The risk of psychosis was elevated in individuals who had tried cannabis five times or more (hazard ratio, (HR) = 6.5, 95% CI 3.0-13.9). The association remained statistically significant even when adjusted for prodromal symptoms, other substance use and parental psychosis (HR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.0). Conclusions: Adolescent cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis even after adjustment for baseline prodromal symptoms, parental psychosis and other substance use. Declaration of interest: None.
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Refs biblio. :	28
Affiliation :	Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2017.52
URL :	https://web.archive.org/web/20180530090915/https://theconversation.com/consommer-du-cannabis-a-ladolescence-augmente-le-risque-de-schizophrenie-15-ans[...]
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80311

[article] Adolescent cannabis use, baseline prodromal symptoms and the risk of psychosis [Périodique] / A. MUSTONEN ; S. NIEMELA ; T. NORDSTROM ; G. K. MURRAY ; P. MAKI ; E. JAASKELAINEN ; J. MIETTUNEN . - 2018 . - 227-233.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in British Journal of Psychiatry > Vol.212, n°4 (April 2018) . - 227-233

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FINLANDE Thésaurus TOXIBASE COHORTE ; ADOLESCENT ; CANNABIS ; PSYCHOSE ; FACTEUR DE RISQUE ; SYMPTOME ; ETUDE PROSPECTIVE ; PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE
Discipline :	PSY Psychopathologie / Psychopathology
Résumé :	Background: The association between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis has been studied extensively but the temporal order still remains controversial. Aims: To examine the association between cannabis use in adolescence and the risk of psychosis after adjustment for prodromal symptoms and other potential confounders. Method: The sample (n = 6534) was composed of the prospective general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1986. Information on prodromal symptoms of psychosis and cannabis use was collected using questionnaires at age 15-16 years. Participants were followed up for ICD-10 psychotic disorders until age 30 years using nationwide registers. Results: The risk of psychosis was elevated in individuals who had tried cannabis five times or more (hazard ratio, (HR) = 6.5, 95% CI 3.0-13.9). The association remained statistically significant even when adjusted for prodromal symptoms, other substance use and parental psychosis (HR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.0). Conclusions: Adolescent cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis even after adjustment for baseline prodromal symptoms, parental psychosis and other substance use. Declaration of interest: None.
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Refs biblio. :	28
Affiliation :	Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2017.52
URL :	https://web.archive.org/web/20180530090915/https://theconversation.com/consommer-du-cannabis-a-ladolescence-augmente-le-risque-de-schizophrenie-15-ans[...]
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80311

[article] 
inDrug and Alcohol Dependence > Vol.187 (June 2018) . - 212-220

Titre :	Nicotine dependence predicts cannabis use disorder symptoms among adolescents and young adults
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	L. DIERKER ; J. BRAYMILLER ; J. ROSE ; R. GOODWIN ; A. SELYA
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	212-220
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE ADOLESCENT ; ADULTE JEUNE ; FACTEUR PREDICTIF ; TABAC ; CANNABIS ; DEPENDANCE ; THEORIE DE L'ESCALADE
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Purpose: We evaluate if cigarette smoking and/or nicotine dependence predicts cannabis use disorder symptoms among adolescent and young adult cannabis users and whether the relationships differ based on frequency of cannabis use. Methods: Data were drawn from seven annual surveys of the NSDUH to include adolescents and young adults (age 12-21) who reported using cannabis at least once in the past 30 days (n = 21,928). Cannabis use frequency trends in the association between cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence and cannabis use disorder symptoms were assessed using Varying Coefficient Models (VCM's). Results: Over half of current cannabis users also smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days (54.7% SE 0.48). Cigarette smoking in the past 30 days was associated with earlier onset of cannabis use, more frequent cannabis use and a larger number of cannabis use disorder symptoms compared to those who did not smoke cigarettes. After statistical control for socio-demographic characteristics and other substance use behaviors, nicotine dependence but not cigarette smoking quantity or frequency was positively and significantly associated with each of the cannabis use disorder symptoms as well as the total number of cannabis symptoms endorsed. Higher nicotine dependence scores were consistently associated with the cannabis use disorder symptoms across all levels of cannabis use from 1 day used (past month) to daily cannabis use, though the relationship was strongest among infrequent cannabis users. Conclusion: Prevention and treatment efforts should consider cigarette smoking comorbidity when addressing the increasing proportion of the US population that uses cannabis. Highlights: We examine cannabis use disorder symptoms and nicotine dependence. Cigarette use was associated with cannabis use and cannabis use disorder symptoms. Nicotine dependence was associated with each cannabis use disorder symptom. This effect remained after controlling for smoking and cannabis use. This effect was significant across all levels of cannabis use.
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs ; Tabac / Tobacco
Affiliation :	Psychology Department, Wesleyan University, USA
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80310

[article] Nicotine dependence predicts cannabis use disorder symptoms among adolescents and young adults [Périodique] / L. DIERKER ; J. BRAYMILLER ; J. ROSE ; R. GOODWIN ; A. SELYA . - 2018 . - 212-220.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Drug and Alcohol Dependence > Vol.187 (June 2018) . - 212-220

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE ADOLESCENT ; ADULTE JEUNE ; FACTEUR PREDICTIF ; TABAC ; CANNABIS ; DEPENDANCE ; THEORIE DE L'ESCALADE
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Purpose: We evaluate if cigarette smoking and/or nicotine dependence predicts cannabis use disorder symptoms among adolescent and young adult cannabis users and whether the relationships differ based on frequency of cannabis use. Methods: Data were drawn from seven annual surveys of the NSDUH to include adolescents and young adults (age 12-21) who reported using cannabis at least once in the past 30 days (n = 21,928). Cannabis use frequency trends in the association between cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence and cannabis use disorder symptoms were assessed using Varying Coefficient Models (VCM's). Results: Over half of current cannabis users also smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days (54.7% SE 0.48). Cigarette smoking in the past 30 days was associated with earlier onset of cannabis use, more frequent cannabis use and a larger number of cannabis use disorder symptoms compared to those who did not smoke cigarettes. After statistical control for socio-demographic characteristics and other substance use behaviors, nicotine dependence but not cigarette smoking quantity or frequency was positively and significantly associated with each of the cannabis use disorder symptoms as well as the total number of cannabis symptoms endorsed. Higher nicotine dependence scores were consistently associated with the cannabis use disorder symptoms across all levels of cannabis use from 1 day used (past month) to daily cannabis use, though the relationship was strongest among infrequent cannabis users. Conclusion: Prevention and treatment efforts should consider cigarette smoking comorbidity when addressing the increasing proportion of the US population that uses cannabis. Highlights: We examine cannabis use disorder symptoms and nicotine dependence. Cigarette use was associated with cannabis use and cannabis use disorder symptoms. Nicotine dependence was associated with each cannabis use disorder symptom. This effect remained after controlling for smoking and cannabis use. This effect was significant across all levels of cannabis use.
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs ; Tabac / Tobacco
Affiliation :	Psychology Department, Wesleyan University, USA
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80310

[article] 
inDrug and Alcohol Dependence > Vol.187 (June 2018) . - 88-94

Titre :	Doctor shopping of opioid analgesics relative to benzodiazepines: A pharmacoepidemiological study among 11.7 million inhabitants in the French countries
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	C. PONTE ; M. LEPELLEY ; Q. BOUCHERIE ; M. MALLARET ; M. LAPEYRE-MESTRE ; V. PRADEL ; J. MICALLEF
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	88-94
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE OPIOIDES ; BENZODIAZEPINES ; ANALGESIQUES ; SURVEILLANCE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE ; USAGE DETOURNE ; PRESCRIPTION MEDICALE ; EPIDEMIOLOGIE DESCRIPTIVE ; MORPHINE ; FENTANYLOIDES
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Background: The abuse of prescription opioids and its subsequent consequences is an important public concern particularly in the USA. The literature on opioid analgesic abuse is scarce. Objective: We assess the extent and risk of opioid analgesics abuse relative to benzodiazepines (BZD) using the doctor shopping method, taken into account the pharmacological characteristics (dosage, route of administration, extended or immediate release). Methods: We used SNIIRAM database covering 11.7 million inhabitants. All individuals with at least one reimbursement for non-injectable opioid analgesic or BZD in 2013 were included. Opioids for mild to moderate pain and for moderately severe to severe pain were studied. The Doctor Shopping Quantity (DSQ) is the quantity obtained by overlapping prescriptions from several prescribers. The Doctor Shopping Indicator (DSI) is the DSQ divided by the total dispensed quantity. Results: The strong opioid analgesics have the highest DSI (2.79%) versus 2.06% for BZD hypnotics. Flunitrazepam ranked first according to its DSI (13.2%), followed by morphine (4%), and zolpidem (2.2%). The three-strong opioids having the highest DSI were morphine, oxycodone and fentanyl (respectively 4%, 1.7% and 1.5%). The highest DSI was observed for the highest dosages of morphine (DSI = 8.4% for 200?mg) and oxycodone (DSI = 2.8% for 80?mg). The highest DSI for fentanyl was described with nasal and transmucosal forms (4.1% and 3.3% respectively). The highest DSI for morphine was described for extended-release (4.1%). Conclusion: There is a need to reinforce surveillance systems to track opioid misuse and to increase awareness of healthcare professionals. Highlights: A doctor-shopping measure including pharmaceutical characteristics is proposed. Doctor-shopping Opioid analgesics profile were compared to benzodiazepines. Doctor-shopping indicators of opioids were higher than benzodiazepines. Morphine, oxycodone and fentanyl have the highest doctor-shopping indicator.
Domaine :	Autres substances / Other substances
Affiliation :	Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information de la Pharmacodépendance-Addictovigilance PACA-Corse, Service de Pharmacologie clinique, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Neurosciences des Systèmes UMR INSERM 1106, Marseille, France
URL :	https://www.addictaide.fr/les-comportements-de-doctor-shopping-en-france-concernent-t-ils-davantage-les-benzodiazepines-ou-les-opioides-antalgiques/
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80309

[article] Doctor shopping of opioid analgesics relative to benzodiazepines: A pharmacoepidemiological study among 11.7 million inhabitants in the French countries [Périodique] / C. PONTE ; M. LEPELLEY ; Q. BOUCHERIE ; M. MALLARET ; M. LAPEYRE-MESTRE ; V. PRADEL ; J. MICALLEF . - 2018 . - 88-94.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Drug and Alcohol Dependence > Vol.187 (June 2018) . - 88-94

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE OPIOIDES ; BENZODIAZEPINES ; ANALGESIQUES ; SURVEILLANCE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE ; USAGE DETOURNE ; PRESCRIPTION MEDICALE ; EPIDEMIOLOGIE DESCRIPTIVE ; MORPHINE ; FENTANYLOIDES
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Background: The abuse of prescription opioids and its subsequent consequences is an important public concern particularly in the USA. The literature on opioid analgesic abuse is scarce. Objective: We assess the extent and risk of opioid analgesics abuse relative to benzodiazepines (BZD) using the doctor shopping method, taken into account the pharmacological characteristics (dosage, route of administration, extended or immediate release). Methods: We used SNIIRAM database covering 11.7 million inhabitants. All individuals with at least one reimbursement for non-injectable opioid analgesic or BZD in 2013 were included. Opioids for mild to moderate pain and for moderately severe to severe pain were studied. The Doctor Shopping Quantity (DSQ) is the quantity obtained by overlapping prescriptions from several prescribers. The Doctor Shopping Indicator (DSI) is the DSQ divided by the total dispensed quantity. Results: The strong opioid analgesics have the highest DSI (2.79%) versus 2.06% for BZD hypnotics. Flunitrazepam ranked first according to its DSI (13.2%), followed by morphine (4%), and zolpidem (2.2%). The three-strong opioids having the highest DSI were morphine, oxycodone and fentanyl (respectively 4%, 1.7% and 1.5%). The highest DSI was observed for the highest dosages of morphine (DSI = 8.4% for 200?mg) and oxycodone (DSI = 2.8% for 80?mg). The highest DSI for fentanyl was described with nasal and transmucosal forms (4.1% and 3.3% respectively). The highest DSI for morphine was described for extended-release (4.1%). Conclusion: There is a need to reinforce surveillance systems to track opioid misuse and to increase awareness of healthcare professionals. Highlights: A doctor-shopping measure including pharmaceutical characteristics is proposed. Doctor-shopping Opioid analgesics profile were compared to benzodiazepines. Doctor-shopping indicators of opioids were higher than benzodiazepines. Morphine, oxycodone and fentanyl have the highest doctor-shopping indicator.
Domaine :	Autres substances / Other substances
Affiliation :	Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information de la Pharmacodépendance-Addictovigilance PACA-Corse, Service de Pharmacologie clinique, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Neurosciences des Systèmes UMR INSERM 1106, Marseille, France
URL :	https://www.addictaide.fr/les-comportements-de-doctor-shopping-en-france-concernent-t-ils-davantage-les-benzodiazepines-ou-les-opioides-antalgiques/
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80309

[article] 
inInternational Journal of Drug Policy > Vol.53 (March 2018) . - 125-132

Titre :	The structured ambivalence of cannabis control in England & Wales
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	D. BREWSTER
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	125-132
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ROYAUME-UNI ; ANGLETERRE ; PAYS DE GALLES Thésaurus TOXIBASE CANNABIS ; POLITIQUE ; CLASSIFICATION
Discipline :	SAN Santé publique / Public health
Résumé :	The two reclassifications of cannabis in England & Wales in 2004 and 2009 have been subjected to a series of academic analyses which have largely been centred on either the relationship to evidence, or in terms of the implications and realities of policing and health under the changes. However, despite the wealth of attention on this area, there have been relatively few attempts to understand these policy movements through broader criminological theoretical frameworks. One recent exception is Shiner's (2015) utilisation of Garland's (2001) concept of 'structured ambivalence'. This paper seeks to test this application through drawing upon an alternative source of evidence, namely, a series of 'elite' qualitative interviews, and using Kingdon's (1995) Multiple Streams model to make sense of the policy processes. In doing so, it largely corroborates Shiner's conclusions whilst also further illuminating particular agentic aspects and their intertwining with other structural and cultural forces which led to the reclassifications. These findings demonstrate the value of triangulating evidential sources and advances knowledge about the role of individuals in pursuing policy agendas within a broader shifting political climate. This provides greater scope to further test and understand how structured ambivalence manifests itself in other cultural contexts and policy domains.
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Affiliation :	Criminology Research Centre, Ryukoku University, Japan
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80306

[article] The structured ambivalence of cannabis control in England & Wales [Périodique] / D. BREWSTER . - 2018 . - 125-132.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International Journal of Drug Policy > Vol.53 (March 2018) . - 125-132

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ROYAUME-UNI ; ANGLETERRE ; PAYS DE GALLES Thésaurus TOXIBASE CANNABIS ; POLITIQUE ; CLASSIFICATION
Discipline :	SAN Santé publique / Public health
Résumé :	The two reclassifications of cannabis in England & Wales in 2004 and 2009 have been subjected to a series of academic analyses which have largely been centred on either the relationship to evidence, or in terms of the implications and realities of policing and health under the changes. However, despite the wealth of attention on this area, there have been relatively few attempts to understand these policy movements through broader criminological theoretical frameworks. One recent exception is Shiner's (2015) utilisation of Garland's (2001) concept of 'structured ambivalence'. This paper seeks to test this application through drawing upon an alternative source of evidence, namely, a series of 'elite' qualitative interviews, and using Kingdon's (1995) Multiple Streams model to make sense of the policy processes. In doing so, it largely corroborates Shiner's conclusions whilst also further illuminating particular agentic aspects and their intertwining with other structural and cultural forces which led to the reclassifications. These findings demonstrate the value of triangulating evidential sources and advances knowledge about the role of individuals in pursuing policy agendas within a broader shifting political climate. This provides greater scope to further test and understand how structured ambivalence manifests itself in other cultural contexts and policy domains.
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Affiliation :	Criminology Research Centre, Ryukoku University, Japan
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80306

[article] 
inInternational Journal of Drug Policy > Vol.53 (March 2018) . - 115-122

Titre :	A "not-for-profit" regulatory model for legal recreational cannabis: Insights from the regulation of gaming machine gambling in New Zealand
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	C. WILKINS
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	115-122
Note générale :	Responses: - Hedging bets: Applying New Zealand's gambling machine regime to cannabis legalization. Caulkins J.P., p. 113-114. - Learning lessons: The need for effective evaluation of regulatory change. Wardle H., p. 123-124.
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique NOUVELLE ZELANDE Thésaurus TOXIBASE CANNABIS ; USAGE RECREATIF ; LEGALISATION ; MODELE ; JEU D'ARGENT ET DE HASARD ; POLITIQUE
Discipline :	SAN Santé publique / Public health
Résumé :	A dozen or more regulatory frameworks have been proposed for legal cannabis but many of the "not-for-profit" options have yet to be developed in any detail, reducing the likelihood they will be seriously considered by policy makers. New Zealand's innovative "not-for-profit" regulatory regime for gaming machine gambling (i.e. "slot machines") has reversed the previous increase in gambling expenditure, empowered local councils to cap the number of gambling venues, and is unique in requiring the societies operating gaming machines to distribution 40% of the gross expenditure from machines (i.e. $NZ 262 million in 2015) to community purposes (e.g. sports). However, the regime has been criticised for not addressing the concentration of gaming outlets in poorer communities, and not requiring grants to be allocated in the disadvantaged communities where outlets are located. There have also been cases of gaming societies providing community grants in exchange for direct or indirect benefits. In this paper we adapt this regulatory approach to a legal cannabis market. Under the proposed regime, licensed "not-for-profit" cannabis societies will be required to distribute 20% of cannabis sales to drug treatment and 20% to community purposes, including drug prevention. Grants must be allocated in the regions where cannabis sales are made and grant committees must be independent from cannabis societies. A 20% levy will be used to cover the wider health costs of cannabis use. A further 10% levy will be used to fund the regulator and evaluate the new regime. Local councils will have the power to decide how many, and where, cannabis retail outlets are located. Other important elements include a minimum price for cannabis, effective taxation of cannabis products, regulating CBD in cannabis products, higher taxation of traditional smoking products, advertising restricted to place-of-sale, no internet sales, and restrictions on industry involvement in regulation making and research.
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Affiliation :	SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80305

[article] A "not-for-profit" regulatory model for legal recreational cannabis: Insights from the regulation of gaming machine gambling in New Zealand [Périodique] / C. WILKINS . - 2018 . - 115-122.
Responses:
- Hedging bets: Applying New Zealand's gambling machine regime to cannabis legalization. Caulkins J.P., p. 113-114.
- Learning lessons: The need for effective evaluation of regulatory change. Wardle H., p. 123-124.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International Journal of Drug Policy > Vol.53 (March 2018) . - 115-122

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique NOUVELLE ZELANDE Thésaurus TOXIBASE CANNABIS ; USAGE RECREATIF ; LEGALISATION ; MODELE ; JEU D'ARGENT ET DE HASARD ; POLITIQUE
Discipline :	SAN Santé publique / Public health
Résumé :	A dozen or more regulatory frameworks have been proposed for legal cannabis but many of the "not-for-profit" options have yet to be developed in any detail, reducing the likelihood they will be seriously considered by policy makers. New Zealand's innovative "not-for-profit" regulatory regime for gaming machine gambling (i.e. "slot machines") has reversed the previous increase in gambling expenditure, empowered local councils to cap the number of gambling venues, and is unique in requiring the societies operating gaming machines to distribution 40% of the gross expenditure from machines (i.e. $NZ 262 million in 2015) to community purposes (e.g. sports). However, the regime has been criticised for not addressing the concentration of gaming outlets in poorer communities, and not requiring grants to be allocated in the disadvantaged communities where outlets are located. There have also been cases of gaming societies providing community grants in exchange for direct or indirect benefits. In this paper we adapt this regulatory approach to a legal cannabis market. Under the proposed regime, licensed "not-for-profit" cannabis societies will be required to distribute 20% of cannabis sales to drug treatment and 20% to community purposes, including drug prevention. Grants must be allocated in the regions where cannabis sales are made and grant committees must be independent from cannabis societies. A 20% levy will be used to cover the wider health costs of cannabis use. A further 10% levy will be used to fund the regulator and evaluate the new regime. Local councils will have the power to decide how many, and where, cannabis retail outlets are located. Other important elements include a minimum price for cannabis, effective taxation of cannabis products, regulating CBD in cannabis products, higher taxation of traditional smoking products, advertising restricted to place-of-sale, no internet sales, and restrictions on industry involvement in regulation making and research.
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Affiliation :	SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80305