Methoxyacetylfentanyl. Report on the risk assessment of 2-methoxy-N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]acetamide in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances [Rapport] / OEDT = EMCDDA  . - Lisbon : OEDT / EMCDDA : Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union, 2018 . - 58 p.. - (Risk assessments, ISSN 1725-4493; 30) .
ISBN : 978-92-9497-344-3
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Mots-clés :	Organismes OEDT Thésaurus TOXIBASE FENTANYLOIDES ; CONTROLE DES STUPEFIANTS ; FACTEUR DE RISQUE ; DROGUES DE SYNTHESE ; PHARMACOLOGIE ; TYPE D'USAGE ; EFFET SECONDAIRE ; TOXICITE ; INTOXICATION ; MORTALITE Thésaurus Géographique EUROPE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	PRO Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods
Résumé :	This publication presents the data and findings of the risk assessment on 2-methoxy-N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]acetamide (methoxyacetylfentanyl), carried out by the extended Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA on 21 March 2018. On the basis of the Risk Assessment Report - and on the initiative of the European Commission - on 27 September 2018, the Council decided that methoxyacetylfentanyl should be subject to control measures across the Member States.
Note de contenu :	Foreword. EMCDDA actions on monitoring and responding to new drugs. EMCDDA-Europol Joint Report on 2-methoxy-N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]acetamide (methoxyacetylfentanyl): a summary. Risk Assessment Report of a new psychoactive substance: 2-methoxy-N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]acetamide (methoxyacetylfentanyl). Annex 1: Technical report on 2-methoxy-N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]acetamide (methoxyacetylfentanyl). Participants of the risk assessment meeting.
Lien :	http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/risk-assessments/methoxyacetylfentanyl_ [...]
URL :	http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2018/6/council-implementing-decision-to-control-cyclopropylfentanyl-and-methoxyacetylfentanyl_en
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80917

Régulation : Pour un contrôle responsable des drogues. Rapport 2018 = Regulation - The responsible control of drugs. Report 2018 [Rapport] / Global Commission on Drug Policy . - [S.l.] : Global Commission on Drug Policy, 2018 . - 60 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre)

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique INTERNATIONAL Thésaurus TOXIBASE REGLEMENTATION ; POLITIQUE ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; CONTROLE DES STUPEFIANTS ; ORGANISATION CRIMINELLE ; DEPENALISATION ; LEGALISATION ; CANNABIS ; PROHIBITION ; MARCHE DE LA DROGUE ; RECOMMANDATION
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	SAN Santé publique / Public health
Résumé :	FRANÇAIS : La régulation légale des drogues est en train de passer rapidement de la théorie à la pratique. Bien qu'elle soit un élément crucial des réformes à entreprendre si l'on souhaite réduire les préjudices causés par la prohibition et le marché illicite des drogues, la régulation demeure un point particulièrement épineux du débat public et politique. Pour avancer, il faudra nécessairement prendre en compte l'inquiétude légitime du public autour de la mise en oeuvre de la régulation et de ses répercussions, ainsi que l'opposition politique et l'inertie des institutions. La régulation et la gestion des produits et des comportements à risque s'inscrivent dans le monde entier parmi les fonctions premières des pouvoirs publics. C'est une règle que l'on retrouve dans tous les domaines de la politique et du droit - sauf celui des drogues. La régulation appréhende la réalité du risque dans notre vie individuelle et collective, elle est omniprésente : il y a celle relative à la sécurité des produits, qui impose que les matelas soient ignifuges ; celle des produits alimentaires, qui exige la présence sur les emballages d'une « date limite de vente » ; celle qui définit quels véhicules sont autorisés à circuler, à quelle vitesse, en quels endroits, etc. Le présent rapport se fonde sur le fait avéré que plus de 250 millions de personnes s'exposent à des risques parce qu'elles consomment des drogues prohibées. Accepter cette réalité et mettre en place une stratégie de régulation efficace ne revient pas à se montrer défaitiste ni à cautionner la consommation de drogues. C'est s'inscrire dans une approche responsable, fondée sur les faits avérés, qui appréhende le monde tel qu'il est, par opposition aux tentatives de créer « un monde sans drogues » qui sont guidées par l'idéologie et finalement contreproductives. Nous allons passer en revue les questions-clés qui, selon l'expérience de la Commission, sont devenues des écueils particuliers au dialogue public sur la régulation. En abordant ces questions de front, le présent rapport entend stimuler le débat pour avancer vers une réforme plus nécessaire et urgente. ENGLISH: This report examines in detail how governments can take control of currently illegal drug markets through responsible regulation, thereby weakening criminal organizations that now profit from them. This new report provides a practical roadmap that tackles the real implications and recognizes the difficulties of transitioning from illegal to legally regulated drug markets. It offers concrete answers regarding the organizational capacity of state institutions to regulate and control a legal market of potentially dangerous products. It highlights the challenges facing impoverished populations that constitute the "working class" of the illegal drug markets. It offers possible ways forward to deal with the risks inherent to the resilience of organized crime. Finally, this report calls for a reform of the prohibition-based international drug control system, which is compromising a universal and holistic approach to the "drug problem."
Refs biblio. :	81
Lien :	http://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/reports/regulation-the-responsible-contro [...]
URL :	https://www.federationaddiction.fr/communique-de-presse-commission-globale-appel-a-un-controle-responsable-des-drogues/
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80900

[article] 
inJournal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs > Vol.79, n°4 (August 2018) . - 561-566

Titre :	Brief report: Trends in social inequality in drunkenness among Danish adolescents, 1991-2014
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	P. BENDTSEN ; A. ANDERSEN ; M. T. DAMSGAARD ; P. DUE ; M. RASMUSSEN ; B. E. HOLSTEIN
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	561-566
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique DANEMARK Thésaurus TOXIBASE ALCOOL ; ADOLESCENT ; IVRESSE ; EVOLUTION ; CATEGORIE SOCIO-PROFESSIONNELLE ; HBSC ; PREVALENCE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether social inequality in frequent drunkenness among Danish adolescents changed from 1991 to 2014. METHOD: We used data from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, which provided nationally representative samples of 15-year-olds from seven comparable cross-sectional studies in Denmark (N = 8,655). The students provided data about frequency of drunkenness and parents' occupation. RESULTS: In total, 38.6% reported to have been drunk at least four times, decreasing from 44.2% in 1991 to 21.2% in 2014. Most of the decrease took place in the latter part of the period. This decrease was found in all occupational social classes, but there was no change in absolute social inequality in drunkenness four or more times reported from 1991 to 2014. The sex- and year-adjusted odds ratio for frequent drunkenness was 0.80, 95% CI [0.70, 0.93] in low compared with high occupational social class. The statistical interaction between survey year and occupational social class was insignificant (p = .3601); that is, there was no change in relative social inequality in frequent drunkenness over time. CONCLUSIONS: Drunkenness was more prevalent among adolescents from the high occupational social class, and this social inequality did not change from 1991 to 2014.
Affiliation :	University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80898

[article] Brief report: Trends in social inequality in drunkenness among Danish adolescents, 1991-2014 [Périodique] / P. BENDTSEN ; A. ANDERSEN ; M. T. DAMSGAARD ; P. DUE ; M. RASMUSSEN ; B. E. HOLSTEIN . - 2018 . - 561-566.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs > Vol.79, n°4 (August 2018) . - 561-566

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique DANEMARK Thésaurus TOXIBASE ALCOOL ; ADOLESCENT ; IVRESSE ; EVOLUTION ; CATEGORIE SOCIO-PROFESSIONNELLE ; HBSC ; PREVALENCE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether social inequality in frequent drunkenness among Danish adolescents changed from 1991 to 2014. METHOD: We used data from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, which provided nationally representative samples of 15-year-olds from seven comparable cross-sectional studies in Denmark (N = 8,655). The students provided data about frequency of drunkenness and parents' occupation. RESULTS: In total, 38.6% reported to have been drunk at least four times, decreasing from 44.2% in 1991 to 21.2% in 2014. Most of the decrease took place in the latter part of the period. This decrease was found in all occupational social classes, but there was no change in absolute social inequality in drunkenness four or more times reported from 1991 to 2014. The sex- and year-adjusted odds ratio for frequent drunkenness was 0.80, 95% CI [0.70, 0.93] in low compared with high occupational social class. The statistical interaction between survey year and occupational social class was insignificant (p = .3601); that is, there was no change in relative social inequality in frequent drunkenness over time. CONCLUSIONS: Drunkenness was more prevalent among adolescents from the high occupational social class, and this social inequality did not change from 1991 to 2014.
Affiliation :	University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80898

[article] 
inJournal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs > Vol.79, n°4 (August 2018) . - 539-546

Titre :	Minimum legal drinking age and youth health: Evidence from Japan
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	T. MATSUBAYASHI ; K. YOSHIKAWA
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	539-546
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique JAPON Thésaurus TOXIBASE ALCOOL ; AGE MINIMUM LEGAL ; JEUNE ; SANTE ; URGENCE ; INTOXICATION ; MORTALITE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	OBJECTIVE: Recent studies showed that reducing the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) could cause negative health outcomes among youth. This evidence was drawn primarily from a limited set of geographical regions. This study seeks to widen available evidence by using data from Japan, where the government started considering reducing the MLDA from 20 to 18. METHOD: Using a regression discontinuity design, we compared emergency service event rates related to alcohol intoxication and mortality rates through external causes between those who were slightly younger and older than the age of 20. RESULTS: We showed that granting legal access to alcohol at age 20 doubled the use of emergency services used for alcohol intoxication but had little impact on mortality as measured by traffic fatalities, suicide, and other accidents. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that lowering the MLDA in Japan will increase (potentially reckless and excessive) drinking behavior among young adults ages 18 and 19 but will not increase their mortality from accidents.
Affiliation :	Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80897

[article] Minimum legal drinking age and youth health: Evidence from Japan [Périodique] / T. MATSUBAYASHI ; K. YOSHIKAWA . - 2018 . - 539-546.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs > Vol.79, n°4 (August 2018) . - 539-546

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique JAPON Thésaurus TOXIBASE ALCOOL ; AGE MINIMUM LEGAL ; JEUNE ; SANTE ; URGENCE ; INTOXICATION ; MORTALITE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	OBJECTIVE: Recent studies showed that reducing the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) could cause negative health outcomes among youth. This evidence was drawn primarily from a limited set of geographical regions. This study seeks to widen available evidence by using data from Japan, where the government started considering reducing the MLDA from 20 to 18. METHOD: Using a regression discontinuity design, we compared emergency service event rates related to alcohol intoxication and mortality rates through external causes between those who were slightly younger and older than the age of 20. RESULTS: We showed that granting legal access to alcohol at age 20 doubled the use of emergency services used for alcohol intoxication but had little impact on mortality as measured by traffic fatalities, suicide, and other accidents. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that lowering the MLDA in Japan will increase (potentially reckless and excessive) drinking behavior among young adults ages 18 and 19 but will not increase their mortality from accidents.
Affiliation :	Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80897

[article] 
inJournal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs > Vol.79, n°4 (August 2018) . - 532-538

Titre :	Stakeholder framing of advertising legislation: An analysis of media and parliamentary representations of the Loi Evin in the United Kingdom
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	N. MAANI HESSARI ; C. KNAI ; K. GALLOPEL-MORVAN ; M. PETTICREW ; M. GUILLOU-LANDREAT
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	532-538
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ROYAUME-UNI ; FRANCE ; UNION EUROPEENNE Thésaurus TOXIBASE LOI EVIN ; ALCOOL ; LEGISLATION ; PUBLICITE ; REPRESENTATION SOCIALE ; MEDIA ; INDUSTRIE DE L'ALCOOL ; ETUDE QUALITATIVE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	LOI Loi et son application / Law enforcement
Résumé :	OBJECTIVE: The Loi Evin legislation restricts alcohol advertising in France and is more comprehensive than the self-regulation-based U.K. approach. Through contributions to news media and parliamentary processes, stakeholders can play an important role in framing the debate around public policy. This project therefore aimed to analyze how the Loi Evin has been represented since its inception in U.K. media and Parliament by the advertising and alcohol industries, politicians, and nongovernmental organizations. METHOD: Qualitative analysis of media and parliamentary documents using the hermeneutic method, analyzing contexts in which the Loi Evin was mentioned by stakeholders in the media and in Parliament. Print and trade media articles referencing the Loi Evin were retrieved from the ProQuest media archive [from 1985 to 2016]. U.K. parliamentary representations referencing the Loi Evin were obtained from the parliamentary database for publications and the Hansard parliamentary record. A total of 109 documents referencing the Loi Evin were identified, of which 71 met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. RESULTS: The alcohol and advertising industries have framed the Loi Evin as incompatible with European Union principles, irrational and ineffective, with arguments changing over time in response to landmark events and rulings. Supporters of Loi Evin-style legislation failed to counter industry framing of advertising as not contributing to increased consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The portrayal of the Loi Evin by industry in the United Kingdom is an important example of policy framing and provides evidence of the synergy between advertising and alcohol industry representatives in combatting legislation that could harm profits.
Affiliation :	Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80896

[article] Stakeholder framing of advertising legislation: An analysis of media and parliamentary representations of the Loi Evin in the United Kingdom [Périodique] / N. MAANI HESSARI ; C. KNAI ; K. GALLOPEL-MORVAN ; M. PETTICREW ; M. GUILLOU-LANDREAT . - 2018 . - 532-538.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs > Vol.79, n°4 (August 2018) . - 532-538

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ROYAUME-UNI ; FRANCE ; UNION EUROPEENNE Thésaurus TOXIBASE LOI EVIN ; ALCOOL ; LEGISLATION ; PUBLICITE ; REPRESENTATION SOCIALE ; MEDIA ; INDUSTRIE DE L'ALCOOL ; ETUDE QUALITATIVE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	LOI Loi et son application / Law enforcement
Résumé :	OBJECTIVE: The Loi Evin legislation restricts alcohol advertising in France and is more comprehensive than the self-regulation-based U.K. approach. Through contributions to news media and parliamentary processes, stakeholders can play an important role in framing the debate around public policy. This project therefore aimed to analyze how the Loi Evin has been represented since its inception in U.K. media and Parliament by the advertising and alcohol industries, politicians, and nongovernmental organizations. METHOD: Qualitative analysis of media and parliamentary documents using the hermeneutic method, analyzing contexts in which the Loi Evin was mentioned by stakeholders in the media and in Parliament. Print and trade media articles referencing the Loi Evin were retrieved from the ProQuest media archive [from 1985 to 2016]. U.K. parliamentary representations referencing the Loi Evin were obtained from the parliamentary database for publications and the Hansard parliamentary record. A total of 109 documents referencing the Loi Evin were identified, of which 71 met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. RESULTS: The alcohol and advertising industries have framed the Loi Evin as incompatible with European Union principles, irrational and ineffective, with arguments changing over time in response to landmark events and rulings. Supporters of Loi Evin-style legislation failed to counter industry framing of advertising as not contributing to increased consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The portrayal of the Loi Evin by industry in the United Kingdom is an important example of policy framing and provides evidence of the synergy between advertising and alcohol industry representatives in combatting legislation that could harm profits.
Affiliation :	Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80896

[article] 
inJournal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs > Vol.79, n°4 (August 2018) . - 509-513

Titre :	Caveat emptor: Predatory publishers, rogue journals, and the potential corruption of addiction science
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	T. F. BABOR ; J. H. WARD
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	509-513
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE RECHERCHE ; ETHIQUE
Mots-clés :	publication
Domaine :	Plusieurs produits / Several products
Discipline :	SHS Sciences humaines et sociales / Human and social sciences
Résumé :	The name predatory publisher has been applied by academic librarian Jeffrey Beall to describe an open-access. scholarly publishing business model in which publication tees are charged to authors without providing the editorial judgment, peer-review process, and publishing services associated with more established journals. In the addiction field, as many as 20 journal titles now operate according to this model, and most of their editors are either nonexistent or impossible to contact. Although predatory publishing should not be equated with open access, this article argues that predatory publishers are diluting scientific quality in the addiction field by taking advantage of the open-access movement. Beyond the damage done to the reputations of naive authors and figurehead editorial board members, there is a cascade of effects resulting from the shabby publication process itself. If the addiction field is to be protected from predatory publishers, all sectors need to be involved. Declarations of "buyer beware" and "the emperor has no clothes" are just the first steps in a process of preventing further damage to the integrity of addiction science. As described in this article, concerted action will be required by authors, editors. and professional societies.
Affiliation :	Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
Cote :	Abonnement
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2018.79.509
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80895

[article] Caveat emptor: Predatory publishers, rogue journals, and the potential corruption of addiction science [Périodique] / T. F. BABOR ; J. H. WARD . - 2018 . - 509-513.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs > Vol.79, n°4 (August 2018) . - 509-513

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE RECHERCHE ; ETHIQUE
Mots-clés :	publication
Domaine :	Plusieurs produits / Several products
Discipline :	SHS Sciences humaines et sociales / Human and social sciences
Résumé :	The name predatory publisher has been applied by academic librarian Jeffrey Beall to describe an open-access. scholarly publishing business model in which publication tees are charged to authors without providing the editorial judgment, peer-review process, and publishing services associated with more established journals. In the addiction field, as many as 20 journal titles now operate according to this model, and most of their editors are either nonexistent or impossible to contact. Although predatory publishing should not be equated with open access, this article argues that predatory publishers are diluting scientific quality in the addiction field by taking advantage of the open-access movement. Beyond the damage done to the reputations of naive authors and figurehead editorial board members, there is a cascade of effects resulting from the shabby publication process itself. If the addiction field is to be protected from predatory publishers, all sectors need to be involved. Declarations of "buyer beware" and "the emperor has no clothes" are just the first steps in a process of preventing further damage to the integrity of addiction science. As described in this article, concerted action will be required by authors, editors. and professional societies.
Affiliation :	Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
Cote :	Abonnement
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2018.79.509
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80895

Global status report. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 = (Rapport de situation mondial sur l'alcool et la santé 2018) [Rapport] / OMS / WHO . - Genève : OMS / WHO, 2018 . - 476 p. : tabl., ann.
ISBN : 978-92-4-156563-9
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique INTERNATIONAL ; EUROPE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ALCOOL ; CONSOMMATION ; MORBIDITE ; MORTALITE ; POLITIQUE ; EVOLUTION ; INTERVENTION ; SANTE PUBLIQUE ; BOISSON ALCOOLISEE ; INEGALITE DE SANTE ; REGLEMENTATION ; LUTTE ; SEXE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	SAN Santé publique / Public health
Résumé :	FRANÇAIS : Selon ce rapport, l'abus d'alcool a entraîné en 2016 plus de trois millions de décès, soit un décès sur 20. Plus des trois quarts de ces décès concernaient des hommes. L'abus d'alcool représente plus de 5 % de la charge de morbidité au niveau mondial. Le rapport de situation mondial de l'OMS sur l'alcool et la santé 2018 (Global status report on alcohol and health 2018) dresse un panorama complet de la consommation d'alcool et de la charge de morbidité attribuable à l'alcool dans le monde. Il présente également les mesures prises par les pays pour réduire cette charge. « Beaucoup trop de personnes, ainsi que les membres de leur famille et de leur entourage subissent les conséquences de l'abus d'alcool, qui est à l'origine d'actes de violence, de traumatismes, de problèmes de santé mentale et de maladies telles que les cancers et les accidents vasculaires cérébraux », dit le Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Directeur général de l'OMS. « Il est temps d'agir plus fermement pour contrer cette grave menace pour le développement de sociétés saines », a-t-il ajouté Parmi les décès attribuables à l'alcool, 28 % étaient dus à des traumatismes - consécutifs à des accidents de la circulation, auto-infligés ou provoqués par des actes de violence interpersonnelle; 21 % étaient dus à des pathologies digestives et 19 % étaient dus à des maladies cardiovasculaires, le reste des décès étant consécutifs à des maladies infectieuses, à des cancers, à des troubles mentaux ou à d'autres affections. Malgré une évolution positive à l'échelle mondiale s'agissant de la prévalence de la consommation occasionnelle de fortes quantités d'alcool et du nombre de décès liés à l'alcool depuis 2010, la charge globale des maladies et des traumatismes causés par l'abus d'alcool atteint un niveau inacceptable, en particulier dans la Région européenne et dans la Région des Amériques. On estime qu'au niveau mondial, 237 millions d'hommes et 46 millions de femmes souffrent de troubles liés à la consommation d'alcool. C'est dans la Région européenne et dans la Région des Amériques que les prévalences sont les plus élevées (14,8 % chez les hommes et 3,5 % chez les femmes et 11,5 % chez les hommes et 5,1 % chez les femmes, respectivement). Les troubles liés à la consommation d'alcool sont plus courants dans les pays à revenu élevé. [Extrait du communiqué] ENGLISH: The report provides an overview of alcohol consumption and harms in relation to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (Chapter 1), presents global strategies, action plans and monitoring frameworks (Chapter 2), gives detailed information on: the consumption of alcohol in populations (Chapter 3); the health consequences of alcohol consumption (Chapter 4); and policy responses at national level (Chapter 5). In its final chapter 6, the imperative for reducing harmful use of alcohol in a public health perspective is presented. In addition, the report contains country profiles for WHO Member States and appendices with statistical annexes, a description of the data sources and methods used to produce the estimates and references.
Affiliation :	Geneva, Switzerland
Lien :	http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/en/
URL :	http://www.who.int/fr/news-room/detail/21-09-2018-harmful-use-of-alcohol-kills-more-than-3-million-people-each-year-most-of-them-men
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80894

Loi type sur les drogues pour l'Afrique de l'Ouest : Un outil pour les décideurs politiques = A model drug law for West Africa. A tool for policymakers [Rapport] / WACD . - [S.l.] : WACD (West Africa Commission on Drugs), 2018 . - 80 p.
Langues : Français (fre) Anglais (eng)

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST Thésaurus TOXIBASE LEGISLATION ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; POLITIQUE ; TRAFIC ; SANCTION PENALE ; ILS ; BLANCHIMENT ; POLICE ; ARRESTATION ; CONDAMNATION
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	LOI Loi et son application / Law enforcement
Résumé :	FRANÇAIS : Les lois sur les drogues en Afrique de l'Ouest ont échoué à réduire autant la consommation que le trafic illégal. En faisant ce constat dès 2014, la Commission Ouest-Africaine sur les drogues ne cesse de demander aux États de la région de changer leurs lois. Depuis, certains États se sont ouverts à la réforme de leurs politiques en matière de drogues et la Commission Ouest-Africaine poursuit son travail de soutien avec cette Loi type sur les drogues, qui fournit un cadre concret dont les pays peuvent s'inspirer pour réformer leurs lois et leurs politiques en matière de drogues. En plus des dispositions légales, la Loi type explique de quelle manière elles respectent les obligations internationales, et offre des commentaires utiles qui éclairent les différentes options et les raisons pour lesquelles telle ou telle solution légale a été retenue dans le contexte Ouest-Africain. ENGLISH: Drug laws in West Africa are not having the desired effects: neither drug use nor drug trafficking have been effectively reduced. Starting in 2014, the West Africa Commission on Drugs has called on governments in the region to change their laws. Some governments are willing to consider reform and the WACD wants to further support this ongoing work with the Model Drug Law, which provides concrete templates that countries can adapt to reform their drug laws: legal provisions and how they relate to international legal obligations as well as useful commentary that explains different options and reasons for choosing the proposed legal solution.
Lien :	http://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/wacd/wacd-model-drug-law/
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80893

La sécurité routière en France. Bilan de l'accidentalité de l'année 2017 = (Traffic security in France: results for 2017) [Rapport] / ONISR (France) . - Paris : ONISR : Paris : Direction de l'information légale et administrative, 2018 . - 192 p. : ann. ; graph. ; tabl.
ISBN : 978-2-11-077443-9
Langues : Français (fre)

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE SECURITE ROUTIERE ; ACCIDENT ; CONDUITE DE VEHICULE ; ALCOOLEMIE ; DELIT ; CONDAMNATION ; MORTALITE ; DEPARTEMENT ; EVOLUTION ; PRODUIT ILLICITE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol ; Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Ce bilan annuel a pour but de faire connaître l'accidentalité et d'en comprendre les composantes à travers notamment des analyses thématiques et transversales. Il s'agit également de mettre en évidence les enjeux majeurs de la sécurité routière. En 2017, le focus Outre-mer a été enrichi et de nouvelles études marquantes ont été ajoutées. La stabilisation de la mortalité routière observée en 2016 se confirme en 2017 avec - 0,8 % en métropole (- 29 tués soit une différence équivalente à 3 jours de mortalité moyenne, et en réalité 2 jours car l'année 2016 était bissextile). Par rapport à 2010, le nombre de décès de piétons stagne, celui des cyclistes augmente de + 18 %, et les décès de seniors (65 ans et plus) de + 14 %. La vitesse excessive ou inadaptée est la première cause d'accidents mortels selon les forces de l'ordre (citée dans 30 % des cas). Parmi les conduites addictives, l'alcool serait l'une des causes dans 20 % des accidents mortels, 30 % des décès interviennent alors qu'au moins un des conducteurs impliqués avait un taux d'alcool dépassant le taux légal. Les stupéfiants seraient l'une des causes dans 9 % des accidents mortels, mais 23 % des décès routiers interviennent lors d'un accident impliquant au moins un conducteur testé positif. [Extraits]
Affiliation :	France
Lien :	http://www.securite-routiere.gouv.fr/la-securite-routiere/l-observatoire-nationa [...]
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[article] 
inAmerican Journal of Health Behavior > Vol.42, n°5 (Septembre 2018) . - 54-64

Titre :	Using an e-cigarette is like eating tofu when you really want meat
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	R. L. GOLDBERG ; J. K. CATALDO
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	54-64
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE ETUDE QUALITATIVE ; CIGARETTE ELECTRONIQUE ; ADULTE ; TYPE D'USAGE ; MOTIVATION ; REDUCTION DES RISQUES ; TABAC ; SEVRAGE ; POLYCONSOMMATION ; SATISFACTION ; RECHUTE
Domaine :	Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	SHS Sciences humaines et sociales / Human and social sciences
Résumé :	Objectives: Whereas controversy about the e-cigarette's effectiveness and safety as a smoking cessation tool continues, e-cigarette use prevalence continues rising. In this study, we sought to describe experiences of adult e-cigarette users and to examine their motivations, beliefs, and use patterns. Methods: This qualitative study included one-on-one semi-structured phone interviews with 20 current California e-cigarette users (mean age = 38 +/- 9.44 years). Interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed using MAXQDA. Results: E-cigarettes initially addressed participants' problems related to smoking; they no longer smelled like cigarette smoke and could avoid smoke-free regulations. Participants highlighted the importance of e-cigarette flavors and of "receiving moral credit" for harm reduction by using e-cigarettes to quit smoking cigarettes. Many described eventual dissatisfaction with e-cigarettes, which resulted in relapse to cigarette smoking and/or dual use with cigarettes. The convenience of e-cigarettes coupled with the pattern of constant use left participants increasingly reliant on e-cigarettes. Conclusions: Ultimately, failed cessation and dual use exposes smokers to greater levels of nicotine, while still exposing them to cigarette smoke. Public health campaigns should promote awareness of the risks of using e-cigarettes, including failed cessation attempts, dual use, addiction, and other health consequences.
Refs biblio. :	42
Affiliation :	Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Lien :	https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/png/ajhb/2018/00000042/00000005/art000 [...]
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80891

[article] Using an e-cigarette is like eating tofu when you really want meat [Périodique] / R. L. GOLDBERG ; J. K. CATALDO . - 2018 . - 54-64.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in American Journal of Health Behavior > Vol.42, n°5 (Septembre 2018) . - 54-64

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE ETUDE QUALITATIVE ; CIGARETTE ELECTRONIQUE ; ADULTE ; TYPE D'USAGE ; MOTIVATION ; REDUCTION DES RISQUES ; TABAC ; SEVRAGE ; POLYCONSOMMATION ; SATISFACTION ; RECHUTE
Domaine :	Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	SHS Sciences humaines et sociales / Human and social sciences
Résumé :	Objectives: Whereas controversy about the e-cigarette's effectiveness and safety as a smoking cessation tool continues, e-cigarette use prevalence continues rising. In this study, we sought to describe experiences of adult e-cigarette users and to examine their motivations, beliefs, and use patterns. Methods: This qualitative study included one-on-one semi-structured phone interviews with 20 current California e-cigarette users (mean age = 38 +/- 9.44 years). Interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed using MAXQDA. Results: E-cigarettes initially addressed participants' problems related to smoking; they no longer smelled like cigarette smoke and could avoid smoke-free regulations. Participants highlighted the importance of e-cigarette flavors and of "receiving moral credit" for harm reduction by using e-cigarettes to quit smoking cigarettes. Many described eventual dissatisfaction with e-cigarettes, which resulted in relapse to cigarette smoking and/or dual use with cigarettes. The convenience of e-cigarettes coupled with the pattern of constant use left participants increasingly reliant on e-cigarettes. Conclusions: Ultimately, failed cessation and dual use exposes smokers to greater levels of nicotine, while still exposing them to cigarette smoke. Public health campaigns should promote awareness of the risks of using e-cigarettes, including failed cessation attempts, dual use, addiction, and other health consequences.
Refs biblio. :	42
Affiliation :	Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Lien :	https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/png/ajhb/2018/00000042/00000005/art000 [...]
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80891