[article] 
inBritish Journal of Clinical Pharmacology > Vol.87, n°10 (October 2021) . - 3925-3937

Titre :	Adverse events of recreational cannabis use reported to the French addictovigilance network (2012-2017)
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	E. BOUQUET ; S. PAIN ; C. EIDEN ; E. JOUANJUS ; N. RICHARD ; B. FAUCONNEAU ; M. C. PERAULT-POCHAT ; French Addictovigilance Network
Année de publication :	2021
Article en page(s) :	3925-3937
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ADDICTOVIGILANCE ; EVOLUTION ; CANNABIS ; USAGE RECREATIF ; EFFET SECONDAIRE ; NAUSEE ; CERVEAU ; COEUR ; APPAREIL DIGESTIF ; MORTALITE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Aims: To describe the adverse events (AEs) of recreational cannabis use in France between 2012 and 2017. Methods: AEs related to recreational cannabis use, alone or in combination with alcohol and/or tobacco reported to the French Addictovigilance Network were analysed (excluding cannabidiol and synthetic cannabinoids). Results: Reporting of AEs tripled between 2012 (n = 179, 6.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.4-7.2) and 2017 (n = 562, 10.1%, 95% CI = 9.3-10.9), reaching 2217 cases. They concerned mainly men (76.4%) and users aged between 18 and 34 years (18-25: 30.9%; 26-34: 26.3%, range: 12-84 years). Cannabis was mainly inhaled (71.6%) and exposure was most often chronic (64.2%). Many types of AEs were reported: psychiatric (51.2%), neurological (15.6%), cardiac (7.8%) and gastrointestinal (7.7%), including unexpected AEs (n = 34, 1.1%). The most common effect was dependence, ranging from 10.1% (95% CI = 7.9-12.3) to 20.3% (95% CI = 17.3-23.2) over the study period. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (n = 87, 2.8%) emerged from 2015. Deaths accounted for 0.2% of all AEs (4 men and 3 women aged on average 35 years). A chronic pattern of cannabis use was reported in 4 of them (intracranial hypertension in the context of lung cancer, suicide, cerebral haematoma, neonatal death with concomitant chronic alcohol use), while in the other cases the toxicological analysis identified cannabis use (ruptured aneurysm and unknown aetiology). Conclusion: This study showed a multitude of AEs related to recreational cannabis use, including unexpected AEs and deaths. It highlights the problem of dependence and the emergence of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.
Refs biblio. :	96
Affiliation :	Addictovigilance Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Poitiers University Hospital, France
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14812
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84342

[article] Adverse events of recreational cannabis use reported to the French addictovigilance network (2012-2017) [Périodique] / E. BOUQUET ; S. PAIN ; C. EIDEN ; E. JOUANJUS ; N. RICHARD ; B. FAUCONNEAU ; M. C. PERAULT-POCHAT ; French Addictovigilance Network . - 2021 . - 3925-3937.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology > Vol.87, n°10 (October 2021) . - 3925-3937

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ADDICTOVIGILANCE ; EVOLUTION ; CANNABIS ; USAGE RECREATIF ; EFFET SECONDAIRE ; NAUSEE ; CERVEAU ; COEUR ; APPAREIL DIGESTIF ; MORTALITE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Aims: To describe the adverse events (AEs) of recreational cannabis use in France between 2012 and 2017. Methods: AEs related to recreational cannabis use, alone or in combination with alcohol and/or tobacco reported to the French Addictovigilance Network were analysed (excluding cannabidiol and synthetic cannabinoids). Results: Reporting of AEs tripled between 2012 (n = 179, 6.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.4-7.2) and 2017 (n = 562, 10.1%, 95% CI = 9.3-10.9), reaching 2217 cases. They concerned mainly men (76.4%) and users aged between 18 and 34 years (18-25: 30.9%; 26-34: 26.3%, range: 12-84 years). Cannabis was mainly inhaled (71.6%) and exposure was most often chronic (64.2%). Many types of AEs were reported: psychiatric (51.2%), neurological (15.6%), cardiac (7.8%) and gastrointestinal (7.7%), including unexpected AEs (n = 34, 1.1%). The most common effect was dependence, ranging from 10.1% (95% CI = 7.9-12.3) to 20.3% (95% CI = 17.3-23.2) over the study period. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (n = 87, 2.8%) emerged from 2015. Deaths accounted for 0.2% of all AEs (4 men and 3 women aged on average 35 years). A chronic pattern of cannabis use was reported in 4 of them (intracranial hypertension in the context of lung cancer, suicide, cerebral haematoma, neonatal death with concomitant chronic alcohol use), while in the other cases the toxicological analysis identified cannabis use (ruptured aneurysm and unknown aetiology). Conclusion: This study showed a multitude of AEs related to recreational cannabis use, including unexpected AEs and deaths. It highlights the problem of dependence and the emergence of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.
Refs biblio. :	96
Affiliation :	Addictovigilance Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Poitiers University Hospital, France
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14812
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84342

[article] 
inScience & Sports > Vol.36, n°4 (September 2021) . - 284-289

Titre :	Alcohol use and intoxication in French sport university students, from 2002 to 2013-16
Titre traduit :	(Usage et abus d'alcool en filière STAPS, de 2002 à 2013-16)
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	P. PERETTI-WATEL ; C. MARTHA ; F. LORENTE ; G. DOUCENDE ; V. SEROR ; L. GRELOT
Année de publication :	2021
Article en page(s) :	284-289
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ALCOOL ; SPORT ; MILIEU ETUDIANT ; EVOLUTION ; INTOXICATION ; IVRESSE ; ABUS ; BOISSON ALCOOLISEE ; JEUNE ; SEXE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	FRANÇAIS : Objectifs : Réaliser un suivi diachronique des usages et abus d'alcool parmi les étudiants de la filière STAPS depuis 2002, en prenant en compte le niveau de pratique et la discipline sportive. Matériel et méthodes : Au total, 905 étudiants de deuxième et troisième années ont rempli le même questionnaire déjà utilisé en 2002. Résultats : Entre 2002 et 2013-16, les consommations de bière et les ivresses sont devenus plus fréquentes, en particulier parmi les filles, de sorte que les écarts entre sexes observés en 2002 se sont réduits, ce qu'illustre notamment l'évolution de l'âge à la première ivresse. L'usage d'alcool, le binge drinking et l'ivresse sont corrélés négativement avec le niveau de pratique, mais sont plus fréquents parmi les pratiquants d'un sport de glisse (pour les deux sexes) ou d'un sport collectif (hors football, et pour les garçons seulement). Conclusions : Ces résultats sont d'autant plus importants qu'une partie de ces étudiants interagira avec des jeunes dans un futur proche. Nos résultats soulignent aussi la nécessité de mener sur ce sujet des analyses stratifiées par sexe. ENGLISH: Aims: To monitor potential trends in patterns of alcohol consumption and intoxication in French sport science students since 2002; to investigate the relationship between competition level, type of sport and alcohol consumption and intoxication. Material and methods: Second and third-year sport university students (n=905) completed the same anonymous self-report questionnaire used in 2002. Results: Between 2002 and 2013-16, among sport students, the frequencies of beer consumption and alcohol intoxication greatly increased, especially among females, and the gender differences observed in 2002 tended to reduce, as illustrated by the evolution of age at first intoxication. Alcohol use, binge drinking and intoxication were negatively correlated to the competition level. Practicing a sliding sport was correlated to drinking behaviors in both males and females, as well as team sports other than soccer but for males only. Conclusions: Such results raise concern, especially since these sport students are likely to interact with youth in near future. Our results also corroborated the importance to investigate this topic for each gender separately.
Refs biblio. :	26
Affiliation :	IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-méditerranée infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2020.05.010
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84343

[article] Alcohol use and intoxication in French sport university students, from 2002 to 2013-16 = (Usage et abus d'alcool en filière STAPS, de 2002 à 2013-16) [Périodique] / P. PERETTI-WATEL ; C. MARTHA ; F. LORENTE ; G. DOUCENDE ; V. SEROR ; L. GRELOT . - 2021 . - 284-289.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Science & Sports > Vol.36, n°4 (September 2021) . - 284-289

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ALCOOL ; SPORT ; MILIEU ETUDIANT ; EVOLUTION ; INTOXICATION ; IVRESSE ; ABUS ; BOISSON ALCOOLISEE ; JEUNE ; SEXE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	FRANÇAIS : Objectifs : Réaliser un suivi diachronique des usages et abus d'alcool parmi les étudiants de la filière STAPS depuis 2002, en prenant en compte le niveau de pratique et la discipline sportive. Matériel et méthodes : Au total, 905 étudiants de deuxième et troisième années ont rempli le même questionnaire déjà utilisé en 2002. Résultats : Entre 2002 et 2013-16, les consommations de bière et les ivresses sont devenus plus fréquentes, en particulier parmi les filles, de sorte que les écarts entre sexes observés en 2002 se sont réduits, ce qu'illustre notamment l'évolution de l'âge à la première ivresse. L'usage d'alcool, le binge drinking et l'ivresse sont corrélés négativement avec le niveau de pratique, mais sont plus fréquents parmi les pratiquants d'un sport de glisse (pour les deux sexes) ou d'un sport collectif (hors football, et pour les garçons seulement). Conclusions : Ces résultats sont d'autant plus importants qu'une partie de ces étudiants interagira avec des jeunes dans un futur proche. Nos résultats soulignent aussi la nécessité de mener sur ce sujet des analyses stratifiées par sexe. ENGLISH: Aims: To monitor potential trends in patterns of alcohol consumption and intoxication in French sport science students since 2002; to investigate the relationship between competition level, type of sport and alcohol consumption and intoxication. Material and methods: Second and third-year sport university students (n=905) completed the same anonymous self-report questionnaire used in 2002. Results: Between 2002 and 2013-16, among sport students, the frequencies of beer consumption and alcohol intoxication greatly increased, especially among females, and the gender differences observed in 2002 tended to reduce, as illustrated by the evolution of age at first intoxication. Alcohol use, binge drinking and intoxication were negatively correlated to the competition level. Practicing a sliding sport was correlated to drinking behaviors in both males and females, as well as team sports other than soccer but for males only. Conclusions: Such results raise concern, especially since these sport students are likely to interact with youth in near future. Our results also corroborated the importance to investigate this topic for each gender separately.
Refs biblio. :	26
Affiliation :	IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-méditerranée infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2020.05.010
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84343

[article] 
inForensic Science International > Vol.327 (October 2021) . - art. 110963

Titre :	Aortic dissection in a body packer: Did cocaine play a part? [Case report]
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	M. KEVIN ; L. DUFAYET ; S. NICOLAS ; G. CHARLOTTE ; E. DION
Année de publication :	2021
Article en page(s) :	art. 110963
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE ; GUYANE FRANCAISE Thésaurus TOXIBASE TRANSPORT IN CORPORE ; COCAINE ; IMAGERIE MEDICALE ; APPAREIL CARDIOVASCULAIRE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	PAT Pathologie organique / Organic pathology
Résumé :	Body packing is defined as the ingestion of drug packets, to conceal them during transportation. We report the case of a 63-year-old cocaine body packer, who died from an aortic dissection. He was arrested in Paris as he disembarked from a flight from Cayenne (French Guinea) and custom officers found cocaine in his suitcase. The patient admitted the ingestion of cocaine packets. He was transferred to the hospital where an initial computerized tomography scan showed hyperdense, uniformly shaped packets located in the colon. On admission, his blood pressure was elevated but he did not exhibit any other signs of adrenergic syndrome. The diagnosis of chronic hypertension unrelated to the cocaine body packing was retained. During hospitalization, 40 h after the ingestion of the cocaine packets, the patient showed acute agitation, sweat and a high blood pressure. Given the context, an emergency thoraco-abdominal-pelvic CT-scan was carried out to rule out a cocaine leakage. None of the packets showed evidence of leakage but the CT-scan assessed an aortic dissection extending to the entire descending aorta. Despite intensive care, the patient passed away on the fifth day. This aortic dissection could have appeared spontaneously in a patient with significant atherosclerosis lesions of the aortic network. Nevertheless, we believe that cocaine impregnation causing high blood pressure might have played a role in the aortic dissection, even without a cocaine leakage from the packets. This case highlights the need to achieve an effective control of the blood pressure in cocaine body packers. Highlights: • Case of a 63-year-old cocaine body packer who died of an aortic dissection. • Cocaine impregnation causing high blood pressure might have played a role in the aortic dissection. • Case highlighting the need for blood pressure monitoring in patients with cocaine packets.
Sous-type de document :	Etude de cas / Case report
Refs biblio. :	10
Affiliation :	Unité médico-judiciaire, Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110963
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84367

[article] Aortic dissection in a body packer: Did cocaine play a part? [Case report] [Périodique] / M. KEVIN ; L. DUFAYET ; S. NICOLAS ; G. CHARLOTTE ; E. DION . - 2021 . - art. 110963.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Forensic Science International > Vol.327 (October 2021) . - art. 110963

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE ; GUYANE FRANCAISE Thésaurus TOXIBASE TRANSPORT IN CORPORE ; COCAINE ; IMAGERIE MEDICALE ; APPAREIL CARDIOVASCULAIRE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	PAT Pathologie organique / Organic pathology
Résumé :	Body packing is defined as the ingestion of drug packets, to conceal them during transportation. We report the case of a 63-year-old cocaine body packer, who died from an aortic dissection. He was arrested in Paris as he disembarked from a flight from Cayenne (French Guinea) and custom officers found cocaine in his suitcase. The patient admitted the ingestion of cocaine packets. He was transferred to the hospital where an initial computerized tomography scan showed hyperdense, uniformly shaped packets located in the colon. On admission, his blood pressure was elevated but he did not exhibit any other signs of adrenergic syndrome. The diagnosis of chronic hypertension unrelated to the cocaine body packing was retained. During hospitalization, 40 h after the ingestion of the cocaine packets, the patient showed acute agitation, sweat and a high blood pressure. Given the context, an emergency thoraco-abdominal-pelvic CT-scan was carried out to rule out a cocaine leakage. None of the packets showed evidence of leakage but the CT-scan assessed an aortic dissection extending to the entire descending aorta. Despite intensive care, the patient passed away on the fifth day. This aortic dissection could have appeared spontaneously in a patient with significant atherosclerosis lesions of the aortic network. Nevertheless, we believe that cocaine impregnation causing high blood pressure might have played a role in the aortic dissection, even without a cocaine leakage from the packets. This case highlights the need to achieve an effective control of the blood pressure in cocaine body packers. Highlights: • Case of a 63-year-old cocaine body packer who died of an aortic dissection. • Cocaine impregnation causing high blood pressure might have played a role in the aortic dissection. • Case highlighting the need for blood pressure monitoring in patients with cocaine packets.
Sous-type de document :	Etude de cas / Case report
Refs biblio. :	10
Affiliation :	Unité médico-judiciaire, Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110963
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84367

[article] 
inInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health > Vol.18, n°20 (October 2021) . - art. 10933

Titre :	Changes in alcoholic beverage choice and risky drinking among adolescents in Europe 1999-2019
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	J. K. LOY ; N. N. SEITZ ; E. K. BYE ; P. DIETZE ; C. KILIAN ; J. MANTHEY ; K. RAITASALO ; R. SOELLNER ; B. TROLLDAL ; J. TORRONEN ; L. KRAUS
Année de publication :	2021
Article en page(s) :	art. 10933
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique EUROPE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ESPAD ; ADOLESCENT ; ALCOOL ; BOISSON ALCOOLISEE ; PREFERENCE ; TYPE D'USAGE ; PREVALENCE ; EVOLUTION ; ETUDE TRANSVERSALE ; CONSOMMATION ; BIERE ; VIN ; SPIRITUEUX ; PREMIX
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	This paper explores trends in beverage preference in adolescents, identifies related regional differences, and examines cluster differences in key drinking measures. Data were obtained from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD), covering 24 European countries between 1999 and 2019. Trends in the distribution of alcoholic beverages on the participants' most recent drinking occasion were analysed by sex and country using fractional multinomial logit regression. Clusters of countries based on trends and predicted beverage proportions were compared regarding the prevalence of drinkers, mean alcohol volume and prevalence of heavy drinking. Four distinct clusters each among girls and boys emerged. Among girls, there was not one type of beverage that was preferred across clusters, but the proportion of cider/alcopops strongly increased over time in most clusters. Among boys, the proportion of beer decreased, but was dominant across time in all clusters. Only northern European countries formed a geographically defined region with the highest prevalence of heavy drinking and average alcohol volume in both genders. Adolescent beverage preferences are associated with mean alcohol volume and heavy drinking at a country-level. Future approaches to drinking cultures need to take subpopulations such as adolescents into account.
Refs biblio. :	72
Affiliation :	IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München, Germany
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010933
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84370

[article] Changes in alcoholic beverage choice and risky drinking among adolescents in Europe 1999-2019 [Périodique] / J. K. LOY ; N. N. SEITZ ; E. K. BYE ; P. DIETZE ; C. KILIAN ; J. MANTHEY ; K. RAITASALO ; R. SOELLNER ; B. TROLLDAL ; J. TORRONEN ; L. KRAUS . - 2021 . - art. 10933.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health > Vol.18, n°20 (October 2021) . - art. 10933

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique EUROPE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ESPAD ; ADOLESCENT ; ALCOOL ; BOISSON ALCOOLISEE ; PREFERENCE ; TYPE D'USAGE ; PREVALENCE ; EVOLUTION ; ETUDE TRANSVERSALE ; CONSOMMATION ; BIERE ; VIN ; SPIRITUEUX ; PREMIX
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	This paper explores trends in beverage preference in adolescents, identifies related regional differences, and examines cluster differences in key drinking measures. Data were obtained from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD), covering 24 European countries between 1999 and 2019. Trends in the distribution of alcoholic beverages on the participants' most recent drinking occasion were analysed by sex and country using fractional multinomial logit regression. Clusters of countries based on trends and predicted beverage proportions were compared regarding the prevalence of drinkers, mean alcohol volume and prevalence of heavy drinking. Four distinct clusters each among girls and boys emerged. Among girls, there was not one type of beverage that was preferred across clusters, but the proportion of cider/alcopops strongly increased over time in most clusters. Among boys, the proportion of beer decreased, but was dominant across time in all clusters. Only northern European countries formed a geographically defined region with the highest prevalence of heavy drinking and average alcohol volume in both genders. Adolescent beverage preferences are associated with mean alcohol volume and heavy drinking at a country-level. Future approaches to drinking cultures need to take subpopulations such as adolescents into account.
Refs biblio. :	72
Affiliation :	IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München, Germany
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010933
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84370

Titre :	Cocaine: A spectrum of products
Type de document :	Rapport
Auteurs :	ONUDC / UNODC
Editeur :	Vienna : UNODC
Année de publication :	2021
Collection :	Cocaine Insights 2
Importance :	52 p.
Présentation :	fig., ill.
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE COCAINE ; CRACK ; MARCHE DE LA DROGUE ; FABRICATION ; ADULTERANT ; PURETE ; PRODUCTION ; LEVAMISOLE Thésaurus Géographique AMERIQUE DU SUD ; INTERNATIONAL ; EUROPE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	MAR Marché de la drogue / Drug market
Résumé :	In the context of an ongoing expansion of the global cocaine market, this report summarizes the current state of knowledge on what the cocaine consumer products are and how they are produced and consumed in different world regions. The report is based on available published evidence and on the knowledge gained through UNODC's monitoring activities in South American countries. It offers insight into the spectrum of cocaine products in order to assist practitioners in drug supply and drug demand reduction, such as law enforcement agencies and healthcare providers, to tailor their response to production, trafficking and consumption of cocaine products. Knowledge gaps still remain in many world markets regarding the cocaine products available to users, in terms of their chemical form, purity, cutting agents used for dilution and adulteration, price and routes of administration.
Lien :	http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/cocaine/Cocaine_Insights_2021_2 [...]
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84372

Cocaine: A spectrum of products [Rapport] / ONUDC / UNODC  . - Vienna : UNODC, 2021 . - 52 p. : fig., ill.. - (Cocaine Insights; 2) .
Langues : Anglais (eng)

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE COCAINE ; CRACK ; MARCHE DE LA DROGUE ; FABRICATION ; ADULTERANT ; PURETE ; PRODUCTION ; LEVAMISOLE Thésaurus Géographique AMERIQUE DU SUD ; INTERNATIONAL ; EUROPE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	MAR Marché de la drogue / Drug market
Résumé :	In the context of an ongoing expansion of the global cocaine market, this report summarizes the current state of knowledge on what the cocaine consumer products are and how they are produced and consumed in different world regions. The report is based on available published evidence and on the knowledge gained through UNODC's monitoring activities in South American countries. It offers insight into the spectrum of cocaine products in order to assist practitioners in drug supply and drug demand reduction, such as law enforcement agencies and healthcare providers, to tailor their response to production, trafficking and consumption of cocaine products. Knowledge gaps still remain in many world markets regarding the cocaine products available to users, in terms of their chemical form, purity, cutting agents used for dilution and adulteration, price and routes of administration.
Lien :	http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/cocaine/Cocaine_Insights_2021_2 [...]
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84372

[article] 
inAlcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research > Vol.45, n°9 (September 2021) . - 1821-1828

Titre :	Consideration of an upper-bound continuous maximum drinks measure for adolescent binge and high-intensity drinking prevalence
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	M. E. PATRICK ; Y. M. TERRY-McELRATH
Année de publication :	2021
Article en page(s) :	1821-1828
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE ADOLESCENT ; PREVALENCE ; ALCOOL ; ABUS ; COMPARAISON ; SEXE ; METHODE ; EPIDEMIOLOGIE
Mots-clés :	Monitoring the Future
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	BACKGROUND: The degree to which binge and high-intensity drinking prevalence estimates vary from fixed threshold frequency and continuous maximum drinks measures is unknown. The current study compared prevalence estimates for adolescent binge and high-intensity drinking (5+ drinks, 10+ drinks, respectively) and sex-specific thresholds using fixed threshold frequency and continuous maximum drinks measures. METHODS: Data were obtained from 7911 respondents participating in the 2018 and 2019 nationally representative Monitoring the Future 12th-grade surveys. Comparisons of frequency prevalence (e.g., any occasions of 5+ drinking using the frequency measure) versus maximum drinks prevalence (e.g., reporting 5 or more drinks using the maximum number of drinks measure) were made using all respondents and then separately within males and females. RESULTS: Among the sample overall and within sex, binge drinking estimates from the 5+ frequency prevalence and 5+ maximum drinks prevalence measures evidenced overlapping confidence intervals (estimates were slightly higher for frequency prevalence); similar results were observed for high-intensity drinking 10+ frequency prevalence and 10+ maximum drinks prevalence. For example, among the sample overall, 5+ frequency prevalence was 11.4% [95% CI 10.3, 12.6]; 5+ maximum drinks prevalence was 10.7% [9.6, 11.8]; 10+ frequency prevalence was 5.1% [4.4, 5.8]; and 10+ maximum drinks prevalence was 4.1% [3.5, 4.7]. Using sex-specific thresholds (i.e., 4+ drinks for females and 5+ drinks for males), binge frequency and maximum drinks levels also had overlapping confidence intervals. Binge drinking prevalence estimates for females were approximately 1.5 times higher using sex-specific (4+) versus universal (5+) thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: In this nationally representative sample of 12th-grade students, prevalence levels for 5+ and 10+ drinking did not differ significantly when using frequency versus maximum drinks measures. Among females, binge drinking prevalence was higher using sex-specific versus universal thresholds. Both the frequency and maximum drinks measures provided comparable estimates of binge and high-intensity drinking prevalence among older adolescents.
Affiliation :	Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14676
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84366

[article] Consideration of an upper-bound continuous maximum drinks measure for adolescent binge and high-intensity drinking prevalence [Périodique] / M. E. PATRICK ; Y. M. TERRY-McELRATH . - 2021 . - 1821-1828.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research > Vol.45, n°9 (September 2021) . - 1821-1828

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE ADOLESCENT ; PREVALENCE ; ALCOOL ; ABUS ; COMPARAISON ; SEXE ; METHODE ; EPIDEMIOLOGIE
Mots-clés :	Monitoring the Future
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	BACKGROUND: The degree to which binge and high-intensity drinking prevalence estimates vary from fixed threshold frequency and continuous maximum drinks measures is unknown. The current study compared prevalence estimates for adolescent binge and high-intensity drinking (5+ drinks, 10+ drinks, respectively) and sex-specific thresholds using fixed threshold frequency and continuous maximum drinks measures. METHODS: Data were obtained from 7911 respondents participating in the 2018 and 2019 nationally representative Monitoring the Future 12th-grade surveys. Comparisons of frequency prevalence (e.g., any occasions of 5+ drinking using the frequency measure) versus maximum drinks prevalence (e.g., reporting 5 or more drinks using the maximum number of drinks measure) were made using all respondents and then separately within males and females. RESULTS: Among the sample overall and within sex, binge drinking estimates from the 5+ frequency prevalence and 5+ maximum drinks prevalence measures evidenced overlapping confidence intervals (estimates were slightly higher for frequency prevalence); similar results were observed for high-intensity drinking 10+ frequency prevalence and 10+ maximum drinks prevalence. For example, among the sample overall, 5+ frequency prevalence was 11.4% [95% CI 10.3, 12.6]; 5+ maximum drinks prevalence was 10.7% [9.6, 11.8]; 10+ frequency prevalence was 5.1% [4.4, 5.8]; and 10+ maximum drinks prevalence was 4.1% [3.5, 4.7]. Using sex-specific thresholds (i.e., 4+ drinks for females and 5+ drinks for males), binge frequency and maximum drinks levels also had overlapping confidence intervals. Binge drinking prevalence estimates for females were approximately 1.5 times higher using sex-specific (4+) versus universal (5+) thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: In this nationally representative sample of 12th-grade students, prevalence levels for 5+ and 10+ drinking did not differ significantly when using frequency versus maximum drinks measures. Among females, binge drinking prevalence was higher using sex-specific versus universal thresholds. Both the frequency and maximum drinks measures provided comparable estimates of binge and high-intensity drinking prevalence among older adolescents.
Affiliation :	Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14676
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84366

[article] 
inCanadian Journal of Addiction (The) > Vol.12, n°3 (September 2021) . - 10-21

Titre :	Effects of cannabis use on psychotic and mood symptoms: A systematic review
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	G. L. POLKOSNIK ; M. SORKHOU ; T. P. GEORGE
Année de publication :	2021
Article en page(s) :	10-21
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE CANNABIS ; TROUBLES DE L'HUMEUR ; PSYCHOSE ; PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE ; DEPRESSION ; MANIE ; COMORBIDITE ; FACTEUR DE RISQUE ; SYMPTOME ; POPULATION A RISQUE ; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	PSY Psychopathologie / Psychopathology
Résumé :	FRANÇAIS : Contexte : L'association entre la consommation de cannabis et les troubles psychiatriques a été largement étudiée, mais l'effet de la consommation de cannabis sur l'induction et la persistance des symptômes psychiatriques chez les individus en bonne santé est moins clair. Nous avons déterminé si le cannabis contribue à l'induction et à la persistance de symptômes psychotiques, dépressifs ou (hypo)maniaques chez des individus en bonne santé. Nous avons identifié les populations les plus sensibles à ces effets, en plus des comportements de consommation de cannabis qui augmentent le risque de développer des symptômes psychiatriques liés au cannabis. Méthode : Un examen systématique a été réalisé à l'aide des bases de données PubMed, Medline et PsychInfo. Nous avons effectué notre recherche en utilisant les termes suivants : ("cannabis" OU "tétrahydrocannabinol" OU "cannabidiol" OU "marijuana" OU "cannabinoïde" OU "nabilone" OU "dronabinol" OU "nabiximols") ET ("psycho*" OU "trouble de l'humeur » OU « déprimé* » OU « manie » OU « maniaque » OU « hypomanie »)." Les études expérimentales et observationnelles publiées de janvier 1987 à mars 2021 ont été prises en compte dans notre analyse. Résultats : Nous avons évalué les résultats de 47 études, dont 6 études expérimentales, 28 études de cohorte et 13 études transversales. Des effets indésirables du cannabis ou des cannabinoïdes ont été trouvés dans 30/32 (93,8%) des études rapportant des symptômes psychotiques, 13/18 études (72,2%) rapportant des symptômes dépressifs et 4/4 études (100%) rapportant des symptômes (hypo)maniaques. La consommation de cannabis augmentait fortement le risque de développer des symptômes psychotiques et (hypo)maniaques, mais les effets de la consommation de cannabis sur la dépression étaient mitigés. Le risque de développer des symptômes était influencé par l'âge d'apparition, la puissance du tétrahydrocannabinol (THC) et la fréquence de consommation de cannabis. Conclusions : La consommation de cannabis augmente le risque de développer et de maintenir des symptômes psychotiques et (hypo)maniaques, avec des effets mitigés pour les symptômes dépressifs, chez les individus en bonne santé. Ces effets se produisent de manière proportionnelle à la dose et dépendent de la puissance du THC. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour comprendre ces effets du cannabis, en particulier sur l'induction et la persistance des symptômes dépressifs et (hypo)maniaques. ENGLISH: Background: The association between cannabis use and psychiatric disorders has been extensively investigated, but the effect of cannabis use on the induction and persistence of psychiatric symptoms in healthy individuals is less clear. We determined whether cannabis contributes to the induction and persistence of psychotic, depressive, or (hypo)manic symptoms in healthy individuals. We identified populations that are most susceptible to these effects, in addition to cannabis use behaviors that increase the risk of developing cannabis-related psychiatric symptoms. Method: A systematic review was performed using the PubMed, Medline, and PsychInfo databases. We conducted our search using the following terms: ("cannabis" OR "tetrahydrocannabinol" OR "cannabidiol" OR "marijuana" OR "cannabinoid" OR "nabilone" OR "dronabinol" OR "nabiximols") AND ("psycho*" OR "mood disorder" OR "depress*" OR "mania" OR "manic" OR "hypomania"). Experimental and observational studies published from January, 1987 to March, 2021 were considered in our analysis. Results: We assessed evidence from 47 studies, including 6 experimental studies, 28 cohort studies, and 13 cross-sectional studies. Adverse effects of cannabis or cannabinoids were found in 30/32 (93.8%) of studies reporting psychotic symptoms, 13/18 studies (72.2%) reporting depressive symptoms, and 4/4 studies (100%) reporting (hypo)manic symptoms. Cannabis use robustly increased the risk of developing psychotic and (hypo)manic symptoms, but the effects of cannabis use on depression were mixed. Risk of developing symptoms was influenced by the age of onset, tetrahydrocannabinol potency, and frequency of cannabis use. Conclusions: Cannabis use increases the risk of developing and maintaining psychotic and (hypo)manic symptoms, with mixed effects for depressive symptoms, in healthy individuals. These effects occur in a dose-dependent manner and are dependent upon THC potency. More research is necessary to understand the effects of cannabis, particularly on the induction and persistence of depressive and (hypo)manic symptoms.
Sous-type de document :	Revue de la littérature / Literature review
Refs biblio. :	119
Affiliation :	Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1097/CXA.0000000000000124
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84340

[article] Effects of cannabis use on psychotic and mood symptoms: A systematic review [Périodique] / G. L. POLKOSNIK ; M. SORKHOU ; T. P. GEORGE . - 2021 . - 10-21.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Canadian Journal of Addiction (The) > Vol.12, n°3 (September 2021) . - 10-21

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE CANNABIS ; TROUBLES DE L'HUMEUR ; PSYCHOSE ; PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE ; DEPRESSION ; MANIE ; COMORBIDITE ; FACTEUR DE RISQUE ; SYMPTOME ; POPULATION A RISQUE ; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	PSY Psychopathologie / Psychopathology
Résumé :	FRANÇAIS : Contexte : L'association entre la consommation de cannabis et les troubles psychiatriques a été largement étudiée, mais l'effet de la consommation de cannabis sur l'induction et la persistance des symptômes psychiatriques chez les individus en bonne santé est moins clair. Nous avons déterminé si le cannabis contribue à l'induction et à la persistance de symptômes psychotiques, dépressifs ou (hypo)maniaques chez des individus en bonne santé. Nous avons identifié les populations les plus sensibles à ces effets, en plus des comportements de consommation de cannabis qui augmentent le risque de développer des symptômes psychiatriques liés au cannabis. Méthode : Un examen systématique a été réalisé à l'aide des bases de données PubMed, Medline et PsychInfo. Nous avons effectué notre recherche en utilisant les termes suivants : ("cannabis" OU "tétrahydrocannabinol" OU "cannabidiol" OU "marijuana" OU "cannabinoïde" OU "nabilone" OU "dronabinol" OU "nabiximols") ET ("psycho*" OU "trouble de l'humeur » OU « déprimé* » OU « manie » OU « maniaque » OU « hypomanie »)." Les études expérimentales et observationnelles publiées de janvier 1987 à mars 2021 ont été prises en compte dans notre analyse. Résultats : Nous avons évalué les résultats de 47 études, dont 6 études expérimentales, 28 études de cohorte et 13 études transversales. Des effets indésirables du cannabis ou des cannabinoïdes ont été trouvés dans 30/32 (93,8%) des études rapportant des symptômes psychotiques, 13/18 études (72,2%) rapportant des symptômes dépressifs et 4/4 études (100%) rapportant des symptômes (hypo)maniaques. La consommation de cannabis augmentait fortement le risque de développer des symptômes psychotiques et (hypo)maniaques, mais les effets de la consommation de cannabis sur la dépression étaient mitigés. Le risque de développer des symptômes était influencé par l'âge d'apparition, la puissance du tétrahydrocannabinol (THC) et la fréquence de consommation de cannabis. Conclusions : La consommation de cannabis augmente le risque de développer et de maintenir des symptômes psychotiques et (hypo)maniaques, avec des effets mitigés pour les symptômes dépressifs, chez les individus en bonne santé. Ces effets se produisent de manière proportionnelle à la dose et dépendent de la puissance du THC. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour comprendre ces effets du cannabis, en particulier sur l'induction et la persistance des symptômes dépressifs et (hypo)maniaques. ENGLISH: Background: The association between cannabis use and psychiatric disorders has been extensively investigated, but the effect of cannabis use on the induction and persistence of psychiatric symptoms in healthy individuals is less clear. We determined whether cannabis contributes to the induction and persistence of psychotic, depressive, or (hypo)manic symptoms in healthy individuals. We identified populations that are most susceptible to these effects, in addition to cannabis use behaviors that increase the risk of developing cannabis-related psychiatric symptoms. Method: A systematic review was performed using the PubMed, Medline, and PsychInfo databases. We conducted our search using the following terms: ("cannabis" OR "tetrahydrocannabinol" OR "cannabidiol" OR "marijuana" OR "cannabinoid" OR "nabilone" OR "dronabinol" OR "nabiximols") AND ("psycho*" OR "mood disorder" OR "depress*" OR "mania" OR "manic" OR "hypomania"). Experimental and observational studies published from January, 1987 to March, 2021 were considered in our analysis. Results: We assessed evidence from 47 studies, including 6 experimental studies, 28 cohort studies, and 13 cross-sectional studies. Adverse effects of cannabis or cannabinoids were found in 30/32 (93.8%) of studies reporting psychotic symptoms, 13/18 studies (72.2%) reporting depressive symptoms, and 4/4 studies (100%) reporting (hypo)manic symptoms. Cannabis use robustly increased the risk of developing psychotic and (hypo)manic symptoms, but the effects of cannabis use on depression were mixed. Risk of developing symptoms was influenced by the age of onset, tetrahydrocannabinol potency, and frequency of cannabis use. Conclusions: Cannabis use increases the risk of developing and maintaining psychotic and (hypo)manic symptoms, with mixed effects for depressive symptoms, in healthy individuals. These effects occur in a dose-dependent manner and are dependent upon THC potency. More research is necessary to understand the effects of cannabis, particularly on the induction and persistence of depressive and (hypo)manic symptoms.
Sous-type de document :	Revue de la littérature / Literature review
Refs biblio. :	119
Affiliation :	Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1097/CXA.0000000000000124
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84340

[article] 
inCochrane Database of Systematic Reviews > n°9 (2021) . - CD010216 ; 246 p.

Titre :	Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation [Review]
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	J. HARTMANN-BOYCE ; H. McROBBIE ; A. R. BUTLER ; N. LINDSON ; C. BULLEN ; R. BEGH ; A. THEODOULOU ; C. NOTLEY ; N. A. RIGOTTI ; T. TURNER ; T. R. FANSHAWE ; P. HAJEK
Année de publication :	2021
Article en page(s) :	CD010216 ; 246 p.
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE TABAC ; SEVRAGE ; CIGARETTE ELECTRONIQUE ; NICOTINE ; EVALUATION ; EFFICACITE ; SECURITE ; COMPARAISON ; ACCOMPAGNEMENT ; EFFET SECONDAIRE ; ABSTINENCE
Domaine :	Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	TRA Traitement et prise en charge / Treatment and care
Résumé :	What are electronic cigarettes? Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are handheld devices that work by heating a liquid that usually contains nicotine and flavourings. E-cigarettes allow you to inhale nicotine in a vapour rather than smoke. Because they do not burn tobacco, e-cigarettes do not expose users to the same levels of chemicals that can cause diseases in people who smoke conventional cigarettes. Using an e-cigarette is commonly known as 'vaping'. Many people use e-cigarettes to help them to stop smoking tobacco. In this review we focus primarily on nicotine e-cigarettes. Why we did this Cochrane Review: Stopping smoking lowers your risk of getting lung cancer, heart attacks and many other diseases. Many people find it difficult to stop smoking. We wanted to find out if using e-cigarettes could help people to stop smoking, and if people using them for this purpose experience any unwanted effects. What did we do? We searched for studies that looked at the use of e-cigarettes to help people stop smoking. We looked for randomized controlled trials, in which the treatments people received were decided at random. This type of study usually gives the most reliable evidence about the effects of a treatment. We also looked for studies in which everyone received an e-cigarette treatment. We were interested in finding out: - how many people stopped smoking for at least six months; and - how many people had unwanted effects, reported on after at least one week of use. Search date: We included evidence published up to 1st May 2021. What we found: We found 61 studies in 16,759 adults who smoked. The studies compared e-cigarettes with: - nicotine replacement therapy, such as patches or gum; - varenicline (a medicine to help people stop smoking); - nicotine-free e-cigarettes; - other types of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes (e.g. pod devices, newer devices); - behavioural support, such as advice or counselling; or - no support for stopping smoking. Most studies took place in the USA (26 studies), the UK (11), and Italy (7). What are the results of our review? More people probably stop smoking for at least six months using nicotine e-cigarettes than using nicotine replacement therapy (4 studies, 1924 people), or nicotine-free e-cigarettes (5 studies, 1447 people). Nicotine e-cigarettes may help more people to stop smoking than no support or behavioural support only (6 studies, 2886 people). For every 100 people using nicotine e-cigarettes to stop smoking, 9 to 14 might successfully stop, compared with only 6 of 100 people using nicotine-replacement therapy, 7 of 100 using nicotine-free e-cigarettes, or four of 100 people having no support or behavioural support only. We are uncertain if there is a difference between how many unwanted effects occur using nicotine e-cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy, no support or behavioural support only. There was some evidence that non-serious unwanted effects were more common in groups receiving nicotine e-cigarettes compared to no support or behavioural support only. Similar low numbers of unwanted effects, including serious unwanted effects, were reported for other comparisons. There is probably no difference in how many non-serious unwanted effects occur in people using nicotine e-cigarettes compared to non-nicotine e-cigarettes. The unwanted effects reported most often with nicotine e-cigarettes were throat or mouth irritation, headache, cough and feeling sick. These effects reduced over time as people continued using nicotine e-cigarettes. How reliable are these results? Our results are based on a small number of studies, and in some the data varied widely. We are moderately confident that nicotine e-cigarettes help more people to stop smoking than nicotine replacement therapy or nicotine-free e-cigarettes. More studies are still needed to confirm this. Studies comparing nicotine e-cigarettes with behavioural or no support also showed higher quit rates in people using nicotine e-cigarettes, but provide less certain data because of issues with study design. Most of our results for the unwanted effects may change when more evidence becomes available. Key messages: Nicotine e-cigarettes probably do help people to stop smoking for at least six months. They probably work better than nicotine replacement therapy and nicotine-free e-cigarettes. They may work better than no support, or behavioural support alone, and they may not be associated with serious unwanted effects. However, we need more evidence to be confident about the effects of e-cigarettes, particularly the effects of newer types of e-cigarettes that have better nicotine delivery than older types of e-cigarettes.
Sous-type de document :	Revue de la littérature / Literature review
Affiliation :	Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub6
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84355

[article] Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation [Review] [Périodique] / J. HARTMANN-BOYCE ; H. McROBBIE ; A. R. BUTLER ; N. LINDSON ; C. BULLEN ; R. BEGH ; A. THEODOULOU ; C. NOTLEY ; N. A. RIGOTTI ; T. TURNER ; T. R. FANSHAWE ; P. HAJEK . - 2021 . - CD010216 ; 246 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews > n°9 (2021) . - CD010216 ; 246 p.

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE TABAC ; SEVRAGE ; CIGARETTE ELECTRONIQUE ; NICOTINE ; EVALUATION ; EFFICACITE ; SECURITE ; COMPARAISON ; ACCOMPAGNEMENT ; EFFET SECONDAIRE ; ABSTINENCE
Domaine :	Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	TRA Traitement et prise en charge / Treatment and care
Résumé :	What are electronic cigarettes? Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are handheld devices that work by heating a liquid that usually contains nicotine and flavourings. E-cigarettes allow you to inhale nicotine in a vapour rather than smoke. Because they do not burn tobacco, e-cigarettes do not expose users to the same levels of chemicals that can cause diseases in people who smoke conventional cigarettes. Using an e-cigarette is commonly known as 'vaping'. Many people use e-cigarettes to help them to stop smoking tobacco. In this review we focus primarily on nicotine e-cigarettes. Why we did this Cochrane Review: Stopping smoking lowers your risk of getting lung cancer, heart attacks and many other diseases. Many people find it difficult to stop smoking. We wanted to find out if using e-cigarettes could help people to stop smoking, and if people using them for this purpose experience any unwanted effects. What did we do? We searched for studies that looked at the use of e-cigarettes to help people stop smoking. We looked for randomized controlled trials, in which the treatments people received were decided at random. This type of study usually gives the most reliable evidence about the effects of a treatment. We also looked for studies in which everyone received an e-cigarette treatment. We were interested in finding out: - how many people stopped smoking for at least six months; and - how many people had unwanted effects, reported on after at least one week of use. Search date: We included evidence published up to 1st May 2021. What we found: We found 61 studies in 16,759 adults who smoked. The studies compared e-cigarettes with: - nicotine replacement therapy, such as patches or gum; - varenicline (a medicine to help people stop smoking); - nicotine-free e-cigarettes; - other types of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes (e.g. pod devices, newer devices); - behavioural support, such as advice or counselling; or - no support for stopping smoking. Most studies took place in the USA (26 studies), the UK (11), and Italy (7). What are the results of our review? More people probably stop smoking for at least six months using nicotine e-cigarettes than using nicotine replacement therapy (4 studies, 1924 people), or nicotine-free e-cigarettes (5 studies, 1447 people). Nicotine e-cigarettes may help more people to stop smoking than no support or behavioural support only (6 studies, 2886 people). For every 100 people using nicotine e-cigarettes to stop smoking, 9 to 14 might successfully stop, compared with only 6 of 100 people using nicotine-replacement therapy, 7 of 100 using nicotine-free e-cigarettes, or four of 100 people having no support or behavioural support only. We are uncertain if there is a difference between how many unwanted effects occur using nicotine e-cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy, no support or behavioural support only. There was some evidence that non-serious unwanted effects were more common in groups receiving nicotine e-cigarettes compared to no support or behavioural support only. Similar low numbers of unwanted effects, including serious unwanted effects, were reported for other comparisons. There is probably no difference in how many non-serious unwanted effects occur in people using nicotine e-cigarettes compared to non-nicotine e-cigarettes. The unwanted effects reported most often with nicotine e-cigarettes were throat or mouth irritation, headache, cough and feeling sick. These effects reduced over time as people continued using nicotine e-cigarettes. How reliable are these results? Our results are based on a small number of studies, and in some the data varied widely. We are moderately confident that nicotine e-cigarettes help more people to stop smoking than nicotine replacement therapy or nicotine-free e-cigarettes. More studies are still needed to confirm this. Studies comparing nicotine e-cigarettes with behavioural or no support also showed higher quit rates in people using nicotine e-cigarettes, but provide less certain data because of issues with study design. Most of our results for the unwanted effects may change when more evidence becomes available. Key messages: Nicotine e-cigarettes probably do help people to stop smoking for at least six months. They probably work better than nicotine replacement therapy and nicotine-free e-cigarettes. They may work better than no support, or behavioural support alone, and they may not be associated with serious unwanted effects. However, we need more evidence to be confident about the effects of e-cigarettes, particularly the effects of newer types of e-cigarettes that have better nicotine delivery than older types of e-cigarettes.
Sous-type de document :	Revue de la littérature / Literature review
Affiliation :	Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub6
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84355

Titre :	Guide d'implantation du programme Unplugged - programme de prévention des conduites addictives au collège
Type de document :	Rapport
Auteurs :	M. SPAAK
Editeur :	Paris : Fédération Addiction
Année de publication :	2021
Importance :	76 p.
Langues :	Français (fre)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ENSEIGNEMENT SECONDAIRE ; MILIEU SCOLAIRE ; ADOLESCENT ; PROGRAMME ; PREVENTION ; ALCOOL ; TABAC ; CANNABIS ; METHODE ; QUALITE ; EVALUATION ; INTERVENTION
Domaine :	Addictions sans produit / Addictions without drug ; Alcool / Alcohol ; Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs ; Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	PRE Prévention / Prevention
Résumé :	Unplugged est un programme de prévention des conduites addictives mettant particulièrement l'accent sur l'alcool, le tabac et le cannabis, avec une ouverture sur les conduites addictives liées aux écrans et aux jeux vidéo. Il est destiné aux collégiens (6e, 5e). Il comprend 12 séances interactives d'une heure en classe, menées par des enseignants formés qui travaillent - au moins la première année - en co-animation avec des professionnels de la prévention, également formés. Le guide s'adresse à toute structure de prévention qui souhaite se lancer dans l'animation d'Unplugged, dans sa région. Indirectement, le guide peut être utile à la direction ou à l'équipe éducative d'un collège qui désire mettre en place Unplugged, ainsi qu'aux partenaires institutionnels (ARS, Académies, MILDECA) qui souhaitent le déployer sur un ou plusieurs territoires. Plus globalement, ce guide d'implantation peut concerner toute personne qui s'intéresse à la dynamique d'expérimentation puis d'essaimage de programmes de prévention probants. Le guide présente le programme, rappelle son histoire et ses effets. Il donne les conditions nécessaires pour bien préparer son implantation. Il explique le déroulement de l'année qui précède le lancement, ainsi que celui de la première année d'implantation. Il met en avant les outils disponibles pour que l'implantation se passe pour le mieux et pour qu'elle soit efficace. Enfin, il restitue dans les grandes lignes le bilan de l'année scolaire 2019-2020, basé sur les retours des acteurs de terrain engagés et sur les données de l'évaluation. Parmi les annexes figurent plusieurs documents utiles pour vous lancer dans l'aventure Unplugged, en particulier les réponses aux questions les plus fréquemment posées par les acteurs concernés.
Sous-type de document :	Guide pratique / Manual
Refs biblio. :	26
Affiliation :	Fédération Addiction, France
Lien :	https://www.federationaddiction.fr/telechargez-le-guide-dimplantation-unplugged/
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84328

Guide d'implantation du programme Unplugged - programme de prévention des conduites addictives au collège [Rapport] / M. SPAAK . - Paris : Fédération Addiction, 2021 . - 76 p.
Langues : Français (fre)

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ENSEIGNEMENT SECONDAIRE ; MILIEU SCOLAIRE ; ADOLESCENT ; PROGRAMME ; PREVENTION ; ALCOOL ; TABAC ; CANNABIS ; METHODE ; QUALITE ; EVALUATION ; INTERVENTION
Domaine :	Addictions sans produit / Addictions without drug ; Alcool / Alcohol ; Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs ; Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	PRE Prévention / Prevention
Résumé :	Unplugged est un programme de prévention des conduites addictives mettant particulièrement l'accent sur l'alcool, le tabac et le cannabis, avec une ouverture sur les conduites addictives liées aux écrans et aux jeux vidéo. Il est destiné aux collégiens (6e, 5e). Il comprend 12 séances interactives d'une heure en classe, menées par des enseignants formés qui travaillent - au moins la première année - en co-animation avec des professionnels de la prévention, également formés. Le guide s'adresse à toute structure de prévention qui souhaite se lancer dans l'animation d'Unplugged, dans sa région. Indirectement, le guide peut être utile à la direction ou à l'équipe éducative d'un collège qui désire mettre en place Unplugged, ainsi qu'aux partenaires institutionnels (ARS, Académies, MILDECA) qui souhaitent le déployer sur un ou plusieurs territoires. Plus globalement, ce guide d'implantation peut concerner toute personne qui s'intéresse à la dynamique d'expérimentation puis d'essaimage de programmes de prévention probants. Le guide présente le programme, rappelle son histoire et ses effets. Il donne les conditions nécessaires pour bien préparer son implantation. Il explique le déroulement de l'année qui précède le lancement, ainsi que celui de la première année d'implantation. Il met en avant les outils disponibles pour que l'implantation se passe pour le mieux et pour qu'elle soit efficace. Enfin, il restitue dans les grandes lignes le bilan de l'année scolaire 2019-2020, basé sur les retours des acteurs de terrain engagés et sur les données de l'évaluation. Parmi les annexes figurent plusieurs documents utiles pour vous lancer dans l'aventure Unplugged, en particulier les réponses aux questions les plus fréquemment posées par les acteurs concernés.
Sous-type de document :	Guide pratique / Manual
Refs biblio. :	26
Affiliation :	Fédération Addiction, France
Lien :	https://www.federationaddiction.fr/telechargez-le-guide-dimplantation-unplugged/
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84328

[article] 
inDrug and Alcohol Dependence > Vol.227 (October 2021) . - art. 108938

Titre :	Has the increased participation in the national campaign 'Dry January' been associated with cutting down alcohol consumption in England?
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	P. CASE ; C. ANGUS ; F. DE VOCHT ; J. HOLMES ; S. MICHIE ; J. BROWN
Année de publication :	2021
Article en page(s) :	art. 108938
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ROYAUME-UNI Thésaurus TOXIBASE ETUDE TRANSVERSALE ; ALCOOL ; CAMPAGNE DE PREVENTION ; ABSTINENCE ; REDUCTION DE CONSOMMATION ; USAGE PROBLEMATIQUE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	PRE Prévention / Prevention
Résumé :	Aims: Dry January is a national multimedia campaign in the UK that encourages people to abstain from drinking alcohol during the month of January. The population-level campaign makes extensive use of email and social media to support participants and has reported a substantial increase in participation since 2015. This study aimed to assess whether the increase in participation in Dry January between 2015 and 2018 was associated with reduced alcohol consumption in England. Design: Repeat cross-sectional design. Setting: England, March 2014 to January 2018. Participants: A total of 37,142 respondents to the Alcohol Toolkit Study, a monthly in-home survey of alcohol consumption among representative cross-sectional samples of people aged 16+ years in England. Measures: Outcomes included i) percentage of adults reporting drinking monthly or less frequently in the last 6 months and ii) mean weekly alcohol consumption among drinkers derived from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questions on typical frequency and quantity in the last 6 months. Analyses: For each outcome, regression models were fitted for month: January (2015 and 2018) vs March-December (2014 and 2017) and for year: 2014/15 vs 2017/18. Interaction terms were included in the models to examine whether the difference between January and the preceding months on each outcome measure depended upon the year (2014/15 vs 2017/18). For non-significant interactions, Bayes factors were calculated to assess the relative strength of evidence for large effects (OR = 1.80 on monthly drinking and beta=-1.0 on mean consumption) compared with the null. Results: Differences between January and other months were similar in 2014/15 and 2017/18 for adults reporting drinking monthly or less frequently and the mean consumption among drinkers (OR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.79-1.05, BF = 0.05; beta = 0.55, 95%CI=-0.14 to 1.25, BF = 0.13 respectively). Conclusions: The increase in participation in Dry January between 2015 and 2018 was not associated with large corresponding changes in people drinking monthly or less frequently over the last 6 months, or in mean weekly consumption among drinkers. Highlights: • Dry January was not associated with large population-level declines in alcohol consumption. • People were more likely to cite Detox (e.g., Dry January) as a motive in a quit attempt in January. • The proportion of people citing Detox (e.g., Dry January) throughout the year as a reason for a quit attempt increased between 2014 and 2018.
Affiliation :	Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, UK Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108938
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84350

[article] Has the increased participation in the national campaign 'Dry January' been associated with cutting down alcohol consumption in England? [Périodique] / P. CASE ; C. ANGUS ; F. DE VOCHT ; J. HOLMES ; S. MICHIE ; J. BROWN . - 2021 . - art. 108938.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Drug and Alcohol Dependence > Vol.227 (October 2021) . - art. 108938

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ROYAUME-UNI Thésaurus TOXIBASE ETUDE TRANSVERSALE ; ALCOOL ; CAMPAGNE DE PREVENTION ; ABSTINENCE ; REDUCTION DE CONSOMMATION ; USAGE PROBLEMATIQUE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol
Discipline :	PRE Prévention / Prevention
Résumé :	Aims: Dry January is a national multimedia campaign in the UK that encourages people to abstain from drinking alcohol during the month of January. The population-level campaign makes extensive use of email and social media to support participants and has reported a substantial increase in participation since 2015. This study aimed to assess whether the increase in participation in Dry January between 2015 and 2018 was associated with reduced alcohol consumption in England. Design: Repeat cross-sectional design. Setting: England, March 2014 to January 2018. Participants: A total of 37,142 respondents to the Alcohol Toolkit Study, a monthly in-home survey of alcohol consumption among representative cross-sectional samples of people aged 16+ years in England. Measures: Outcomes included i) percentage of adults reporting drinking monthly or less frequently in the last 6 months and ii) mean weekly alcohol consumption among drinkers derived from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questions on typical frequency and quantity in the last 6 months. Analyses: For each outcome, regression models were fitted for month: January (2015 and 2018) vs March-December (2014 and 2017) and for year: 2014/15 vs 2017/18. Interaction terms were included in the models to examine whether the difference between January and the preceding months on each outcome measure depended upon the year (2014/15 vs 2017/18). For non-significant interactions, Bayes factors were calculated to assess the relative strength of evidence for large effects (OR = 1.80 on monthly drinking and beta=-1.0 on mean consumption) compared with the null. Results: Differences between January and other months were similar in 2014/15 and 2017/18 for adults reporting drinking monthly or less frequently and the mean consumption among drinkers (OR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.79-1.05, BF = 0.05; beta = 0.55, 95%CI=-0.14 to 1.25, BF = 0.13 respectively). Conclusions: The increase in participation in Dry January between 2015 and 2018 was not associated with large corresponding changes in people drinking monthly or less frequently over the last 6 months, or in mean weekly consumption among drinkers. Highlights: • Dry January was not associated with large population-level declines in alcohol consumption. • People were more likely to cite Detox (e.g., Dry January) as a motive in a quit attempt in January. • The proportion of people citing Detox (e.g., Dry January) throughout the year as a reason for a quit attempt increased between 2014 and 2018.
Affiliation :	Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, UK Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108938
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84350