Engagement des entreprises pour la prévention des conduites addictives (alcool, tabac et stupéfiants) [Rapport] / O. UZAN ; P. PHILIPPE ; G. DE VIENNE . - Paris : France Stratégie, 2019 . - 68 p. : tabl., graph., ann.
Langues : Français (fre)

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Organismes MILDECA Anciens noms : DGLDT, MILT, MILDT Thésaurus TOXIBASE MILIEU PROFESSIONNEL ; ALCOOL ; TABAC ; CANNABIS ; PSYCHOTROPES ; PREVENTION ; PRISE EN CHARGE ; LUTTE ; ADDICTION ; REGLEMENTATION ; RECOMMANDATION
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol ; Autres substances / Other substances ; Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs ; Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	PRE Prévention / Prevention
Résumé :	La Plateforme nationale d'actions globales pour la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises (Plateforme RSE) réunit depuis 2013 un large éventail de parties prenantes : entreprises, partenaires sociaux, organisations de la société civile, réseaux d'acteurs, chercheurs et institutions publiques. La Plateforme RSE a été saisie par le président de la Mission interministérielle de lutte contre les drogues et les conduites addictives (MILDECA) pour proposer des mesures susceptibles d'encourager les entreprises à s'engager dans des démarches volontaires afin de prévenir et réduire les consommations à risque d'alcool, de tabac et de stupéfiants. Pour y répondre, la Plateforme RSE a constitué un groupe de travail qui a mené une vingtaine d'auditions pour élaborer un diagnostic et des propositions. En s'appuyant notamment sur les pratiques des entreprises et les outils disponibles, elle formule quatorze recommandations adressées au Gouvernement, aux entreprises et aux fédérations professionnelles.
Affiliation :	France
Lien :	https://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/rapports-publics/194000030-engagement-de [...]
URL :	https://www.drogues.gouv.fr/actualites/remise-de-lavis-lengagement-entreprises-prevention-conduites-addictives-alcool-tabac
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81334

[article] 
inJournal of Business Research > Vol.98 (May 2019) . - 82-91

Titre :	Gambling spending and its concentration on problem gamblers
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	I. FIEDLER ; S. KAIROUZ ; J. M. COSTES ; K. S. WEIßMULLER
Année de publication :	2019
Article en page(s) :	82-91
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ALLEMAGNE ; FRANCE ; QUEBEC ; CANADA Thésaurus TOXIBASE JEU D'ARGENT ET DE HASARD ; DEPENSE ; USAGE PROBLEMATIQUE ; JEU PATHOLOGIQUE ; MODELE STATISTIQUE ; ECONOMIE
Domaine :	Addictions sans produit / Addictions without drug
Discipline :	SAN Santé publique / Public health
Résumé :	While most gamblers spend moderate amounts of money, a few spend much more. This leads to spending being concentrated among a small number of players. Building on a body of literature that shows disproportionate spending by problem gamblers, we hypothesize that problem gambling causes such concentration. We investigate this hypothesis empirically by using GINI coefficients derived from survey datasets of gamblers from three different jurisdictions: France, Québec, and Germany. We find strong positive relationships between the GINI coefficient and (1) the share of revenue derived from problem gamblers, and (2) excess spending of problem gamblers. We interpret these results as a link between the effect of problem gambling - excessive and disproportionate spending - and concentration of gambling demand. Since the problem gambling status of players is often unknown, policy makers and gambling operators could use the GINI coefficient as an additional indicator to monitor social risk in gambling markets.
Affiliation :	Universität Hamburg, Faculty of Business, Economics & Social Sciences, Germany ; Concordia University Montreal, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Canada ; Ministère des Finances, Observatoire des Jeux, France
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81325

[article] Gambling spending and its concentration on problem gamblers [Périodique] / I. FIEDLER ; S. KAIROUZ ; J. M. COSTES ; K. S. WEIßMULLER . - 2019 . - 82-91.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Business Research > Vol.98 (May 2019) . - 82-91

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ALLEMAGNE ; FRANCE ; QUEBEC ; CANADA Thésaurus TOXIBASE JEU D'ARGENT ET DE HASARD ; DEPENSE ; USAGE PROBLEMATIQUE ; JEU PATHOLOGIQUE ; MODELE STATISTIQUE ; ECONOMIE
Domaine :	Addictions sans produit / Addictions without drug
Discipline :	SAN Santé publique / Public health
Résumé :	While most gamblers spend moderate amounts of money, a few spend much more. This leads to spending being concentrated among a small number of players. Building on a body of literature that shows disproportionate spending by problem gamblers, we hypothesize that problem gambling causes such concentration. We investigate this hypothesis empirically by using GINI coefficients derived from survey datasets of gamblers from three different jurisdictions: France, Québec, and Germany. We find strong positive relationships between the GINI coefficient and (1) the share of revenue derived from problem gamblers, and (2) excess spending of problem gamblers. We interpret these results as a link between the effect of problem gambling - excessive and disproportionate spending - and concentration of gambling demand. Since the problem gambling status of players is often unknown, policy makers and gambling operators could use the GINI coefficient as an additional indicator to monitor social risk in gambling markets.
Affiliation :	Universität Hamburg, Faculty of Business, Economics & Social Sciences, Germany ; Concordia University Montreal, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Canada ; Ministère des Finances, Observatoire des Jeux, France
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81325

[article] 
inAddictive Behaviors > Vol.90 (March 2019) . - 171-175

Titre :	International differences in patterns of cannabis use among youth: Prevalence, perceptions of harm, and driving under the influence in Canada, England & United States
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	E. WADSWORTH ; D. HAMMOND
Année de publication :	2019
Article en page(s) :	171-175
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique CANADA ; ANGLETERRE ; ROYAUME-UNI ; ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE CANNABIS ; COMPARAISON ; ADOLESCENT ; PREVALENCE ; PERCEPTION ; CONDUITE DE VEHICULE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Introduction: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance in the world. An increasing number of jurisdictions have legalized medical and non-medical cannabis; comparisons across jurisdictions can help evaluate the impact of these policy innovations. The current study examined patterns of cannabis use among youth in Canada (CA), England (EN) and the United States (US). At the time of study, non-medical cannabis use was prohibited federally in all three countries; however, medical cannabis was accessible with varying restrictions in CA, EN and most US states, while non-medical cannabis was legal in four US states. Methods: Data come from an international online survey conducted in July 2017 (n = 12,064). Youth, aged 16-19, were asked about cannabis consumption, perceived access to cannabis, perceptions of harm, and driving after cannabis use. All estimates represent weighted data. Results: US youth were more likely to report more frequent cannabis consumption, easier access, lower perceptions of harm, and higher rates of driving after cannabis use than CA and EN youth. CA youth reported more frequent consumption, easier access, and higher rates of driving after cannabis use than EN youth. Conclusion: CA and US youth had higher prevalence of use, easier access, lower perceived harm and higher driving rates after cannabis use in comparison to EN. These differences may reflect more permissive cannabis policies in CA and US, as well as pre-existing trends. Future waves of the international cannabis study will examine trends over time within the same countries after cannabis legalization in CA and additional US states. Highlights: Study examines patterns of cannabis use among youth in Canada, England and the US. Substantial differences between CA, EN & US in perceptions and prevalence of use. Differences may reflect permissiveness of cannabis policies as well as pre-existing trends.
Affiliation :	School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81326

[article] International differences in patterns of cannabis use among youth: Prevalence, perceptions of harm, and driving under the influence in Canada, England & United States [Périodique] / E. WADSWORTH ; D. HAMMOND . - 2019 . - 171-175.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Addictive Behaviors > Vol.90 (March 2019) . - 171-175

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique CANADA ; ANGLETERRE ; ROYAUME-UNI ; ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE CANNABIS ; COMPARAISON ; ADOLESCENT ; PREVALENCE ; PERCEPTION ; CONDUITE DE VEHICULE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Introduction: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance in the world. An increasing number of jurisdictions have legalized medical and non-medical cannabis; comparisons across jurisdictions can help evaluate the impact of these policy innovations. The current study examined patterns of cannabis use among youth in Canada (CA), England (EN) and the United States (US). At the time of study, non-medical cannabis use was prohibited federally in all three countries; however, medical cannabis was accessible with varying restrictions in CA, EN and most US states, while non-medical cannabis was legal in four US states. Methods: Data come from an international online survey conducted in July 2017 (n = 12,064). Youth, aged 16-19, were asked about cannabis consumption, perceived access to cannabis, perceptions of harm, and driving after cannabis use. All estimates represent weighted data. Results: US youth were more likely to report more frequent cannabis consumption, easier access, lower perceptions of harm, and higher rates of driving after cannabis use than CA and EN youth. CA youth reported more frequent consumption, easier access, and higher rates of driving after cannabis use than EN youth. Conclusion: CA and US youth had higher prevalence of use, easier access, lower perceived harm and higher driving rates after cannabis use in comparison to EN. These differences may reflect more permissive cannabis policies in CA and US, as well as pre-existing trends. Future waves of the international cannabis study will examine trends over time within the same countries after cannabis legalization in CA and additional US states. Highlights: Study examines patterns of cannabis use among youth in Canada, England and the US. Substantial differences between CA, EN & US in perceptions and prevalence of use. Differences may reflect permissiveness of cannabis policies as well as pre-existing trends.
Affiliation :	School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81326

[article] 
inAddictive Behaviors > Vol.90 (March 2019) . - 204-209

Titre :	Community variation in adolescent cannabis use in Australia and the Netherlands
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	B. ROWLAND ; H. JONKMAN ; J. WILLIAMS ; P. KREMER ; J. W. TOUMBOUROU
Année de publication :	2019
Article en page(s) :	204-209
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique AUSTRALIE ; PAYS-BAS Thésaurus TOXIBASE COMPARAISON ; ADOLESCENT ; CANNABIS ; POLITIQUE ; PREVALENCE ; FACTEUR DE RISQUE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Background: While controversial, cannabis use is common, and often begins in adolescence. In Australia and the Netherlands, cannabis use is understood and legislated within a harm-minimisation framework. In Australia it is illegal to purchase or consume cannabis. Cannabis use in the Netherlands is illegal, except in licensed coffee shops where the sale and consumption of small amounts (5 g) are permitted. Methods: Secondary school aged children in Victoria, Australia and the Netherlands were surveyed using the same culturally adapted questionnaire, designed to measure community rates of substance use and risk factors. Youth cannabis use and predictors of use were compared between the two countries. Results: Similar levels of cannabis use in the last month were reported in Australia and the Netherlands (4.5%), with slightly lower use amongst girls, compared to boys. Common predictors of use were found in both the Australian and Netherlands sample. Conclusions: The findings suggest that interventions that effectively target similar risk factors to reduce or prevent cannabis use may have applications cross-nationally. Highlights: Cannabis use is common and controversial with adolescents. Australia and the Netherlands have different cannabis policies. Similar levels of use and risk factors were identified in each country. Cannabis prevention strategies could have similar applications in both countries.
Affiliation :	Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Australia
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81327

[article] Community variation in adolescent cannabis use in Australia and the Netherlands [Périodique] / B. ROWLAND ; H. JONKMAN ; J. WILLIAMS ; P. KREMER ; J. W. TOUMBOUROU . - 2019 . - 204-209.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Addictive Behaviors > Vol.90 (March 2019) . - 204-209

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique AUSTRALIE ; PAYS-BAS Thésaurus TOXIBASE COMPARAISON ; ADOLESCENT ; CANNABIS ; POLITIQUE ; PREVALENCE ; FACTEUR DE RISQUE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Background: While controversial, cannabis use is common, and often begins in adolescence. In Australia and the Netherlands, cannabis use is understood and legislated within a harm-minimisation framework. In Australia it is illegal to purchase or consume cannabis. Cannabis use in the Netherlands is illegal, except in licensed coffee shops where the sale and consumption of small amounts (5 g) are permitted. Methods: Secondary school aged children in Victoria, Australia and the Netherlands were surveyed using the same culturally adapted questionnaire, designed to measure community rates of substance use and risk factors. Youth cannabis use and predictors of use were compared between the two countries. Results: Similar levels of cannabis use in the last month were reported in Australia and the Netherlands (4.5%), with slightly lower use amongst girls, compared to boys. Common predictors of use were found in both the Australian and Netherlands sample. Conclusions: The findings suggest that interventions that effectively target similar risk factors to reduce or prevent cannabis use may have applications cross-nationally. Highlights: Cannabis use is common and controversial with adolescents. Australia and the Netherlands have different cannabis policies. Similar levels of use and risk factors were identified in each country. Cannabis prevention strategies could have similar applications in both countries.
Affiliation :	Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Australia
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81327

[article] 
inAddictive Behaviors > Vol.92 (May 2019) . - 208-224

Titre :	Physical and psychosocial factors associated with psychostimulant use in a nationally representative sample of French adolescents: Specificities of cocaine, amphetamine, and ecstasy use
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	C. BONNAIRE ; F. BECK ; S. SPILKA
Année de publication :	2019
Article en page(s) :	208-224
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ADOLESCENT ; ESCAPAD ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; COCAINE ; AMPHETAMINES ; ECSTASY ; TABAC ; SANTE MENTALE ; SUICIDE ; FAMILLE ; POIDS ; SANTE ; PROFIL SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIQUE Organismes OFDT
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs ; Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Purpose: Patterns of psychostimulant (PST) use, psychological and physical factors, and family relationships were investigated in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. The differences between users of cocaine (Cc), ecstasy/MDMA, and amphetamine (EA) were analyzed, taking into account gender differences. Methods: Substance use, psychological factors (lifetime suicide attempts, suicidal thoughts in the previous year, visits to a mental health professional), physical factors (health and body shape perceptions (BSP), body mass index (BMI)), and family relationships (existence of disagreements with parents, relationships with mother and father) were investigated in 26,351 17-year-old French adolescents. Results: Lifetime suicidal behavior was strongly associated with EA use only. Suicidal ideation in the previous year was associated with Cc use among both boys and girls and associated with EA use among girls. Compared to Cc users, more EA users were overweight, while more Cc users were underweight compared to EA users. BSP, BMI, and EA use were related in girls only. Having a good or very good relationship with both mother and father was negatively associated with Cc use in boys and girls. Girls who had a good or very good relationship with their fathers seemed to be less prone to use EA. Boys with a good or very good relationship with their mothers seemed to be less prone to use EA. Conclusion: The results of the present study could serve as a basis for prevention and harm reduction strategies/programs targeting youth use and for the adaptation of these strategies/programs according to substance and gender. Highlights: PST users present specific patterns of substance use, mental health issues, family relationships and gender differences. Unlike the order, the number of substances previously tested by teenagers increased the likelihood of subsequent use. Factors associated with Cc use were different from those associated with EA use, with gender specificities. In girls, EA use was associated with suicide ideation and attempts, with being overweight, and with a body self-perception. The protective role of a positive relationship with parents seemed to be linked to the gender of the EA users.
Affiliation :	Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Institut de Psychologie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81328

[article] Physical and psychosocial factors associated with psychostimulant use in a nationally representative sample of French adolescents: Specificities of cocaine, amphetamine, and ecstasy use [Périodique] / C. BONNAIRE ; F. BECK ; S. SPILKA . - 2019 . - 208-224.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Addictive Behaviors > Vol.92 (May 2019) . - 208-224

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ADOLESCENT ; ESCAPAD ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; COCAINE ; AMPHETAMINES ; ECSTASY ; TABAC ; SANTE MENTALE ; SUICIDE ; FAMILLE ; POIDS ; SANTE ; PROFIL SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIQUE Organismes OFDT
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs ; Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Purpose: Patterns of psychostimulant (PST) use, psychological and physical factors, and family relationships were investigated in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. The differences between users of cocaine (Cc), ecstasy/MDMA, and amphetamine (EA) were analyzed, taking into account gender differences. Methods: Substance use, psychological factors (lifetime suicide attempts, suicidal thoughts in the previous year, visits to a mental health professional), physical factors (health and body shape perceptions (BSP), body mass index (BMI)), and family relationships (existence of disagreements with parents, relationships with mother and father) were investigated in 26,351 17-year-old French adolescents. Results: Lifetime suicidal behavior was strongly associated with EA use only. Suicidal ideation in the previous year was associated with Cc use among both boys and girls and associated with EA use among girls. Compared to Cc users, more EA users were overweight, while more Cc users were underweight compared to EA users. BSP, BMI, and EA use were related in girls only. Having a good or very good relationship with both mother and father was negatively associated with Cc use in boys and girls. Girls who had a good or very good relationship with their fathers seemed to be less prone to use EA. Boys with a good or very good relationship with their mothers seemed to be less prone to use EA. Conclusion: The results of the present study could serve as a basis for prevention and harm reduction strategies/programs targeting youth use and for the adaptation of these strategies/programs according to substance and gender. Highlights: PST users present specific patterns of substance use, mental health issues, family relationships and gender differences. Unlike the order, the number of substances previously tested by teenagers increased the likelihood of subsequent use. Factors associated with Cc use were different from those associated with EA use, with gender specificities. In girls, EA use was associated with suicide ideation and attempts, with being overweight, and with a body self-perception. The protective role of a positive relationship with parents seemed to be linked to the gender of the EA users.
Affiliation :	Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Institut de Psychologie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81328

[article] 
inAddictive Behaviors > Vol.90 (March 2019) . - 250-257

Titre :	Changes in the prevalence and correlates of cocaine use and cocaine use disorder in the United States, 2001-2002 and 2012-2013
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	B. T. KERRIDGE ; S. P. CHOU ; R. P. PICKERING ; W. J. RUAN ; B. HUANG ; J. JUNG ; H. ZHANG ; A. Z. FAN ; T. D. SAHA ; B. F. GRANT ; D. S. HASIN
Année de publication :	2019
Article en page(s) :	250-257
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE COCAINE ; EVOLUTION ; PREVALENCE ; MORBIDITE ; ENQUETE ; PROFIL SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIQUE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	To present nationally representative data on changes in the prevalences of 12-month cocaine use, cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and 12-month CocUD among 12-month cocaine users between 2001 and 2002 and 2012-2013. Data were derived from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) and the 2012-2013 NESARC-III. Between 2001 and 2002 and 2012-2013, prevalences of 12-month cocaine use and DSM-IV CocUD significantly increased and 12-month CocUD among 12-month users significantly decreased. Increases in risk of cocaine use were seen across nearly all sociodemographic subgroups while increases in CocUD were observed among women, those in the oldest age group, Whites, individuals with the lowest incomes and highest education, and those residing in urban areas. Prevalence of CocUD among users significantly declined overall and among men, individuals aged 30-44 years old, the never-married, respondents with incomes between $20,000 and $34,000, and those residing in the Midwest. Increases in coca cultivation in Colombia in recent years together with increases in the purity of cocaine entering the U.S. portend more significant increases in the rates of cocaine use and CocUD in the U.S. along with increases in cocaine-related morbidity and mortality. The results of this study support the continued monitoring of cocaine use and CocUD in the U.S., especially in view of the narrowing of the gender gap and shifts in race-ethnic, age and socioeconomic differentials seen between 2001 and 2002 and 2012-2013. Highlights: Cocaine use and CocUD increased while CocUD among 12-month users decreased. Narrowing of the gender gap in cocaine use was observed. Prevalences of cocaine use/CocUD larger among older relative to younger individuals. Narrowing of race-ethnic differences were observed. Risk differences lower among those with lowest relative to highest education.
Affiliation :	Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81329

[article] Changes in the prevalence and correlates of cocaine use and cocaine use disorder in the United States, 2001-2002 and 2012-2013 [Périodique] / B. T. KERRIDGE ; S. P. CHOU ; R. P. PICKERING ; W. J. RUAN ; B. HUANG ; J. JUNG ; H. ZHANG ; A. Z. FAN ; T. D. SAHA ; B. F. GRANT ; D. S. HASIN . - 2019 . - 250-257.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Addictive Behaviors > Vol.90 (March 2019) . - 250-257

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE COCAINE ; EVOLUTION ; PREVALENCE ; MORBIDITE ; ENQUETE ; PROFIL SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIQUE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	To present nationally representative data on changes in the prevalences of 12-month cocaine use, cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and 12-month CocUD among 12-month cocaine users between 2001 and 2002 and 2012-2013. Data were derived from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) and the 2012-2013 NESARC-III. Between 2001 and 2002 and 2012-2013, prevalences of 12-month cocaine use and DSM-IV CocUD significantly increased and 12-month CocUD among 12-month users significantly decreased. Increases in risk of cocaine use were seen across nearly all sociodemographic subgroups while increases in CocUD were observed among women, those in the oldest age group, Whites, individuals with the lowest incomes and highest education, and those residing in urban areas. Prevalence of CocUD among users significantly declined overall and among men, individuals aged 30-44 years old, the never-married, respondents with incomes between $20,000 and $34,000, and those residing in the Midwest. Increases in coca cultivation in Colombia in recent years together with increases in the purity of cocaine entering the U.S. portend more significant increases in the rates of cocaine use and CocUD in the U.S. along with increases in cocaine-related morbidity and mortality. The results of this study support the continued monitoring of cocaine use and CocUD in the U.S., especially in view of the narrowing of the gender gap and shifts in race-ethnic, age and socioeconomic differentials seen between 2001 and 2002 and 2012-2013. Highlights: Cocaine use and CocUD increased while CocUD among 12-month users decreased. Narrowing of the gender gap in cocaine use was observed. Prevalences of cocaine use/CocUD larger among older relative to younger individuals. Narrowing of race-ethnic differences were observed. Risk differences lower among those with lowest relative to highest education.
Affiliation :	Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81329

[article] 
inSubstance Use and Misuse > Online first 16/01/2019 (2019) . - 12 p., doi: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1552302

Titre :	Attitudes and perceived social norms toward drug use among gay and bisexual men in Australia
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	T. LEA ; M. HAMMOUD ; A. BOURNE ; L. MAHER ; F. JIN ; B. HAIRE ; N. BATH ; J. GRIERSON ; G. PRESTAGE
Année de publication :	2019
Article en page(s) :	12 p., doi: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1552302
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique AUSTRALIE Thésaurus TOXIBASE SEXE MASCULIN ; BISEXUEL ; HOMOSEXUEL ; NORME ; ATTITUDE ; ACTIVITE SEXUELLE ; PERCEPTION ; ETUDE PROSPECTIVE ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; VIH
Mots-clés :	chemsex
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	BACKGROUND: Gay and bisexual men (GBM) report distinctive patterns and contexts of drug use, yet little has been published about their attitudes toward drug use. OBJECTIVES: We developed measures of attitudes and perceived social norms toward drug use, and examined covariates of more accepting attitudes and norms among GBM in Australia. METHODS: We analyzed baseline data from the Following Lives Undergoing Change (Flux) study. Flux is an online prospective observational study of drug use among Australian GBM. We used principal components factor analysis to generate two attitudinal scales assessing "drug use for social and sexual enhancement" and "perceptions of drug risk." A third perceived social norms scale examined "acceptability of drug use among gay friends." RESULTS: Among 2,112 participants, 61% reported illicit drug use in the preceding six months. Stronger endorsement of drug use for social and sexual engagement and lower perceptions of drug risk were found among men who were more socially engaged with other gay men and reported regular drug use and drug use for sex. In multivariate analyses, all three scales were associated with recent drug use (any use in the previous six months), but only the drug use for social and sexual enhancement scale was associated with regular (at least monthly) use. CONCLUSIONS: Drug use and sex are difficult to disentangle for some GBM, and health services and policies could benefit from a better understanding of attitudinal and normative factors associated with drug use in gay social networks, while recognizing the role of pleasure in substance use.
Affiliation :	German Institute for Addiction and Prevention Research (DISuP), Catholic University of Applied Sciences, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81330

[article] Attitudes and perceived social norms toward drug use among gay and bisexual men in Australia [Périodique] / T. LEA ; M. HAMMOUD ; A. BOURNE ; L. MAHER ; F. JIN ; B. HAIRE ; N. BATH ; J. GRIERSON ; G. PRESTAGE . - 2019 . - 12 p., doi: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1552302.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Substance Use and Misuse > Online first 16/01/2019 (2019) . - 12 p., doi: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1552302

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique AUSTRALIE Thésaurus TOXIBASE SEXE MASCULIN ; BISEXUEL ; HOMOSEXUEL ; NORME ; ATTITUDE ; ACTIVITE SEXUELLE ; PERCEPTION ; ETUDE PROSPECTIVE ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; VIH
Mots-clés :	chemsex
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	BACKGROUND: Gay and bisexual men (GBM) report distinctive patterns and contexts of drug use, yet little has been published about their attitudes toward drug use. OBJECTIVES: We developed measures of attitudes and perceived social norms toward drug use, and examined covariates of more accepting attitudes and norms among GBM in Australia. METHODS: We analyzed baseline data from the Following Lives Undergoing Change (Flux) study. Flux is an online prospective observational study of drug use among Australian GBM. We used principal components factor analysis to generate two attitudinal scales assessing "drug use for social and sexual enhancement" and "perceptions of drug risk." A third perceived social norms scale examined "acceptability of drug use among gay friends." RESULTS: Among 2,112 participants, 61% reported illicit drug use in the preceding six months. Stronger endorsement of drug use for social and sexual engagement and lower perceptions of drug risk were found among men who were more socially engaged with other gay men and reported regular drug use and drug use for sex. In multivariate analyses, all three scales were associated with recent drug use (any use in the previous six months), but only the drug use for social and sexual enhancement scale was associated with regular (at least monthly) use. CONCLUSIONS: Drug use and sex are difficult to disentangle for some GBM, and health services and policies could benefit from a better understanding of attitudinal and normative factors associated with drug use in gay social networks, while recognizing the role of pleasure in substance use.
Affiliation :	German Institute for Addiction and Prevention Research (DISuP), Catholic University of Applied Sciences, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81330

[article] 
inNew England Journal of Medicine > Online first 30/01/2019 [30/01/2019] . - 9 p., doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808779

Titre :	A randomized trial of e-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	P. HAJEK ; A. PHILLIPS-WALLER ; D. PRZULJ ; F. PESOLA ; K. MYERS SMITH ; N. BISAL ; J. LI ; S. PARROTT ; P. SASIENI ; L. DAWKINS ; L. ROSS ; M. GONIEWICZ ; Q. WU ; H. J. MCROBBIE
Année de publication :	2019
Article en page(s) :	9 p., doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808779
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ROYAUME-UNI Thésaurus TOXIBASE CIGARETTE ELECTRONIQUE ; SUBSTITUTS NICOTINIQUES ; ETUDE RANDOMISEE ; COMPARAISON ; SEVRAGE ; EFFICACITE ; ABSTINENCE
Domaine :	Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	TRA Traitement et prise en charge / Treatment and care
Résumé :	Background: E-cigarettes are commonly used in attempts to stop smoking, but evidence is limited regarding their effectiveness as compared with that of nicotine products approved as smoking-cessation treatments. Methods: We randomly assigned adults attending U.K. National Health Service stop-smoking services to either nicotine-replacement products of their choice, including product combinations, provided for up to 3 months, or an e-cigarette starter pack (a second-generation refillable e-cigarette with one bottle of nicotine e-liquid [18 mg per milliliter]), with a recommendation to purchase further e-liquids of the flavor and strength of their choice. Treatment included weekly behavioral support for at least 4 weeks. The primary outcome was sustained abstinence for 1 year, which was validated biochemically at the final visit. Participants who were lost to follow-up or did not provide biochemical validation were considered to not be abstinent. Secondary outcomes included participant-reported treatment usage and respiratory symptoms. Results: A total of 886 participants underwent randomization. The 1-year abstinence rate was 18.0% in the e-cigarette group, as compared with 9.9% in the nicotine-replacement group (relative risk, 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30 to 2.58; P Conclusions: E-cigarettes were more effective for smoking cessation than nicotine-replacement therapy, when both products were accompanied by behavioral support. (Funded by the National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN60477608.)
Refs biblio. :	26
Affiliation :	Queen Mary University of London, King's College London, London South Bank University, London, UK
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1808779
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81331

[article] A randomized trial of e-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy [Périodique] / P. HAJEK ; A. PHILLIPS-WALLER ; D. PRZULJ ; F. PESOLA ; K. MYERS SMITH ; N. BISAL ; J. LI ; S. PARROTT ; P. SASIENI ; L. DAWKINS ; L. ROSS ; M. GONIEWICZ ; Q. WU ; H. J. MCROBBIE . - 2019 . - 9 p., doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808779.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in New England Journal of Medicine > Online first 30/01/2019 [30/01/2019] . - 9 p., doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808779

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ROYAUME-UNI Thésaurus TOXIBASE CIGARETTE ELECTRONIQUE ; SUBSTITUTS NICOTINIQUES ; ETUDE RANDOMISEE ; COMPARAISON ; SEVRAGE ; EFFICACITE ; ABSTINENCE
Domaine :	Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	TRA Traitement et prise en charge / Treatment and care
Résumé :	Background: E-cigarettes are commonly used in attempts to stop smoking, but evidence is limited regarding their effectiveness as compared with that of nicotine products approved as smoking-cessation treatments. Methods: We randomly assigned adults attending U.K. National Health Service stop-smoking services to either nicotine-replacement products of their choice, including product combinations, provided for up to 3 months, or an e-cigarette starter pack (a second-generation refillable e-cigarette with one bottle of nicotine e-liquid [18 mg per milliliter]), with a recommendation to purchase further e-liquids of the flavor and strength of their choice. Treatment included weekly behavioral support for at least 4 weeks. The primary outcome was sustained abstinence for 1 year, which was validated biochemically at the final visit. Participants who were lost to follow-up or did not provide biochemical validation were considered to not be abstinent. Secondary outcomes included participant-reported treatment usage and respiratory symptoms. Results: A total of 886 participants underwent randomization. The 1-year abstinence rate was 18.0% in the e-cigarette group, as compared with 9.9% in the nicotine-replacement group (relative risk, 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30 to 2.58; P Conclusions: E-cigarettes were more effective for smoking cessation than nicotine-replacement therapy, when both products were accompanied by behavioral support. (Funded by the National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN60477608.)
Refs biblio. :	26
Affiliation :	Queen Mary University of London, King's College London, London South Bank University, London, UK
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1808779
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81331

[article] 
inJournal of Psychoactive Drugs > Online first 31/01/2019 (2019) . - 13 p., doi: 10.1080/02791072.2019.1567960

Titre :	Age of initiation and patterns of use among people who inject drugs welcomed in harm reduction facilities in France from 2006 to 2015
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	E. JANSSEN ; J. SHAH ; T. NÉFAU ; A. CADET-TAÏROU
Année de publication :	2019
Article en page(s) :	13 p., doi: 10.1080/02791072.2019.1567960
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ETUDE TRANSVERSALE ; INJECTION ; INITIATION ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; CAARUD ; AGE ; USAGER ; EVOLUTION ; PARTAGE DE SERINGUE Organismes OFDT
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	This exploratory analysis of time-series cross-sectional data provides insights on trends in age at first injection among people who inject drugs in France, and on associations with recent risky injecting behaviors. Data were collected from a national survey conducted in harm reduction facilities in five phases between 2006 and 2015. Standardized questionnaires collected information on demographics, substance use, and route of administration, as well as lifetime and past-month injection. Descriptive and multilevel models were applied to account for the hierarchical structure of the data. Prevalence of lifetime and past-month injection remained stable over time, while the prevalence of daily injection increased significantly. Mean age at first injection only appeared to increase for data collected after 2010. Gender differences in mean age at first injection decreased over time, suggesting the development of converging patterns of initiation independent of sex. After controlling for covariates, early initiation of injection was unrelated to daily injection or material sharing, and associated with the number of recently injected substances. Early initiation is likely a predictor of injected polysubstance use. Findings are relevant to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of prevention programs.
Affiliation :	OFDT, France
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81332

[article] Age of initiation and patterns of use among people who inject drugs welcomed in harm reduction facilities in France from 2006 to 2015 [Périodique] / E. JANSSEN ; J. SHAH ; T. NÉFAU ; A. CADET-TAÏROU . - 2019 . - 13 p., doi: 10.1080/02791072.2019.1567960.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs > Online first 31/01/2019 (2019) . - 13 p., doi: 10.1080/02791072.2019.1567960

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ETUDE TRANSVERSALE ; INJECTION ; INITIATION ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; CAARUD ; AGE ; USAGER ; EVOLUTION ; PARTAGE DE SERINGUE Organismes OFDT
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	This exploratory analysis of time-series cross-sectional data provides insights on trends in age at first injection among people who inject drugs in France, and on associations with recent risky injecting behaviors. Data were collected from a national survey conducted in harm reduction facilities in five phases between 2006 and 2015. Standardized questionnaires collected information on demographics, substance use, and route of administration, as well as lifetime and past-month injection. Descriptive and multilevel models were applied to account for the hierarchical structure of the data. Prevalence of lifetime and past-month injection remained stable over time, while the prevalence of daily injection increased significantly. Mean age at first injection only appeared to increase for data collected after 2010. Gender differences in mean age at first injection decreased over time, suggesting the development of converging patterns of initiation independent of sex. After controlling for covariates, early initiation of injection was unrelated to daily injection or material sharing, and associated with the number of recently injected substances. Early initiation is likely a predictor of injected polysubstance use. Findings are relevant to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of prevention programs.
Affiliation :	OFDT, France
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81332

[article] 
inInternational Journal of Mental Health and Addiction > Online first 17/01/2019 (2019) . - 18 p., doi: 10.1007/s11469-019-0052-8

Titre :	How and where to find NPS users: A comparison of methods in a cross-national survey among three groups of current users of new psychoactive substances in Europe
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	D. KORF ; A. BENSCHOP ; B. WERSE ; G. KAMPHAUSEN ; K. FELVINCZI ; K. DABROWSKA ; S. HERNRIQUES ; T. NABBEN ; L. WIECZOREK ; M. BUJALSKI ; Z. KALO ; E. HEARNE ; M. C. VAN HOUT
Année de publication :	2019
Article en page(s) :	18 p., doi: 10.1007/s11469-019-0052-8
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique EUROPE ; ALLEMAGNE ; HONGRIE ; IRLANDE ; PAYS-BAS ; POLOGNE ; PORTUGAL Thésaurus TOXIBASE MARGINAL ; USAGER ; MILIEU FESTIF ; PREVALENCE ; ENQUETE ; METHODE ; EPIDEMIOLOGIE ; ETUDE QUALITATIVE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) across Europe remains a public health challenge. The study describes potentials and limitations of methods in a transnational survey of recent marginalised, nightlife and online community NPS users in Germany, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland and Portugal (n = 3023). In terms of demographic profile, drug use history and type of NPS, different methods reached different segments of the NPS-using population. Last year use of different NPS varied across countries and groups. Respondents used NPS in a variety of settings, with public spaces most common in the marginalised group. The study suggests that prevalence rates can reveal a picture of the NPS market that significantly deviates from what law enforcement seizures indicate. Outreach in nightlife settings and peer education are recommended to inform users about health risks and to improve access to drug services and care.
Affiliation :	Bonger Institute of Criminology, Law School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-0052-8
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81338

[article] How and where to find NPS users: A comparison of methods in a cross-national survey among three groups of current users of new psychoactive substances in Europe [Périodique] / D. KORF ; A. BENSCHOP ; B. WERSE ; G. KAMPHAUSEN ; K. FELVINCZI ; K. DABROWSKA ; S. HERNRIQUES ; T. NABBEN ; L. WIECZOREK ; M. BUJALSKI ; Z. KALO ; E. HEARNE ; M. C. VAN HOUT . - 2019 . - 18 p., doi: 10.1007/s11469-019-0052-8.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction > Online first 17/01/2019 (2019) . - 18 p., doi: 10.1007/s11469-019-0052-8

Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique EUROPE ; ALLEMAGNE ; HONGRIE ; IRLANDE ; PAYS-BAS ; POLOGNE ; PORTUGAL Thésaurus TOXIBASE MARGINAL ; USAGER ; MILIEU FESTIF ; PREVALENCE ; ENQUETE ; METHODE ; EPIDEMIOLOGIE ; ETUDE QUALITATIVE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) across Europe remains a public health challenge. The study describes potentials and limitations of methods in a transnational survey of recent marginalised, nightlife and online community NPS users in Germany, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland and Portugal (n = 3023). In terms of demographic profile, drug use history and type of NPS, different methods reached different segments of the NPS-using population. Last year use of different NPS varied across countries and groups. Respondents used NPS in a variety of settings, with public spaces most common in the marginalised group. The study suggests that prevalence rates can reveal a picture of the NPS market that significantly deviates from what law enforcement seizures indicate. Outreach in nightlife settings and peer education are recommended to inform users about health risks and to improve access to drug services and care.
Affiliation :	Bonger Institute of Criminology, Law School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-0052-8
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81338