14C analyses quantify time lag between coca leaf harvest and street-level seizure of cocaine / J. R. EHLERINGER ; J. F. CASALE ; J. E. BARNETTE ; X. XU ; M. J. LOTT ; J. HURLEY in Forensic Science International, Vol.214, n°1-3 (10 January 2012)

Donner un avis [article]  in Forensic Science International > Vol.214, n°1-3 (10 January 2012) . - 7-12 Titre : 14C analyses quantify time lag between coca leaf harvest and street-level seizure of cocaine Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : J. R. EHLERINGER ; J. F. CASALE ; J. E. BARNETTE ; X. XU ; M. J. LOTT ; J. HURLEY Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 7-12 Langues : Anglais Mots-clés : Thésaurus Géographique ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE COCA ; COCAINE ; ANALYSE CHIMIQUE ; PRODUCTION ; SAISIE ; MESURES QUANTITATIVES ; DIFFUSION DES PRODUITS Discipline : MAR Marché de la drogue / Drug market Domaine : Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs Résumé : Measurements were made on the natural abundance 14C content (14C) of cocaine specimens seized between 2003 and 2009. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which 14C analyses could quantify the "age" of recent cocaine seizures. Here "age" of a seized cocaine specimen is defined as the time period between when a coca leaf was harvested in South America and its seizure as cocaine at either the international or domestic street levels. Based on 14C analyses of seizure specimens, there were no statistically significant differences in the ages of domestic cocaine HCl and cocaine base specimens seized on the streets in different locations across the United States. Between 2007 and 2009, the average age of a street-level cocaine seizure in the United States was 24.6 ± 1.1 months. Cocaine shipment seizures that were in excess of 150 kg during this time period had an average age of 18.2 ± 1.4 months, whereas smaller shipment seizures were significantly older with an average age of 22.3 ± 0.6 months. Analyses of the largest cocaine shipment seizures suggested that these seizures were composed of specimens with different ages, possibly representing accumulations over as much as a 31-month period. Highlights: • Columbian drug traffickers require ∼24 months between coca leaf growth and the arrival of cocaine in the United States. • Seizures of cocaine base and cocaine HCL were not statistically different in age. • Foreign and domestically seized cocaine were not statistically different in age. • Seizures of large cocaine shipments were statistically younger than small cocaine shipments. Refs biblio. : 20 Affiliation : Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA Permalink : https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=68534 [article]

A computerized neural network method for pattern recognition of cocaine signatures / J. F. CASALE in Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol.38, n°2 (March 1993)

Donner un avis [article]  in Journal of Forensic Sciences > Vol.38, n°2 (March 1993) . - 292-301 Titre : A computerized neural network method for pattern recognition of cocaine signatures Titre traduit : (Une méthode de réseau neuronal informatisé pour l'identification de lots de cocaïne) Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : J. F. CASALE ; WATTERSON J.W. Année de publication : 1993 Article en page(s) : 292-301 Langues : Anglais Mots-clés : Thésaurus TOXIBASE COCAINE ; ANALYSE CHIMIQUE ; BASE DE DONNEES Domaine : Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs Résumé : FRANÇAIS : Description d'un logiciel de recherche, destiné aux services d'expertises médico-légales, permettant d'identifier rapidement des échantillons de cocaïne provenant d'un même lot par analyse comparative des caractéristiques du produit à un ensemble d'information répertoriées dans une banque de données. ENGLISH : This article describes a practical procedure for rapidly searching a large database of cocaine signatures to identify database entries that closely resemble a given reference cocaine exhibit using a personal computer (PC). The procedure takes advantage of the pattern recognition capability of the multilayer perceptron neural network to identify similar cocaine signatures. A PC-based software implementation is now being used on a daily basis at the North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation (NCSBI) to aid forensic experts in identifying signatures that originate from the same batch. Intelligence reports generated from database searches have been useful to undercover agents in the field who are striving to build drug related conspiracy cases. This software was developed as a collaborative effort between the NCSBI and the Center for Systems and Engineering of the Research Triangle Institute. Refs biblio. : 21 Affiliation : DEA Special Testing, McLean, VA, USA Numéro Toxibase : 202594 Centre Emetteur : 02 Coordonnateur Permalink : https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41124 [article]

Tracing the goegraphical origin of cocaine / J. R. EHLERINGER

Donner un avis Titre : Tracing the goegraphical origin of cocaine Titre traduit : (Traçabilité de l'origine géographique de la cocaine.) Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : J. R. EHLERINGER ; J. F. CASALE ; M. J. LOTT ; V. L. FORD Année de publication : 2000 Importance : 311-312 Présentation : fig. ; tabl. Note générale : Nature, 2000, 408, 311-312 Langues : Anglais Mots-clés : Thésaurus TOXIBASE COCAINE ; GEOGRAPHIE ; PRODUCTION ; ANALYSE CHIMIQUE ; FIABILITE Thésaurus Géographique AMERIQUE DU SUD Discipline : PRO Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods Domaine : Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs Résumé : ENGLISH : Here we show that cocaine originating from different geographic regions in South America can be identified by its isotope-ratio signature. The distinct carbon and nitrogen isotope-ratio combinations allow the country of origin to be determined for the principal coca-growing regions along the Andean Ridge. By combining this information with detectable differences in the patterns of the trace alkaloids truxilline and trimethoxycocaine, we correctly identified the source of 96% of 200 cocaine samples. (Extract of the publication) Note de contenu : fig. ; tabl. Refs biblio. : 11 Affiliation : Stable Isotope Ration Facility for Environm. Res., Dept Biol. Univ. Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0840 Etats-Unis. United States. Numéro Toxibase : 206023 Centre Emetteur : 02 Coordonnateur Permalink : https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=26181