Titre : | Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs in the illicit stimulant supply: Results from U.S. drug seizure data, 2011-2016 (2021) |
Auteurs : | J. N. PARK ; E. RASHIDI ; K. FOTI ; M. ZOOROB ; S. SHERMAN ; G. C. ALEXANDER |
Type de document : | Article : Périodique |
Dans : | Drug and Alcohol Dependence (Vol.218, January 2021) |
Article en page(s) : | art. 108416 |
Langues: | Anglais |
Discipline : | MAR (Marchés / Markets) |
Mots-clés : |
Thésaurus géographique ETATS-UNISThésaurus mots-clés EVOLUTION ; SAISIE ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; FENTANYL ; MARCHE DE LA DROGUE ; SURDOSE ; ETUDE TRANSVERSALE ; METHAMPHETAMINE ; COCAINE ; ADULTERANT ; STIMULANTS |
Résumé : |
Background: U.S. research examining the illicit drug supply remains rare even though the information could help reduce overdoses. Relatively little is known regarding how often opioids are found in stimulants and whether temporal and geographic trends exist. We examined trends in fentanyl-cocaine and fentanyl-methamphetamine combinations in the national illicit drug supply.
Methods: We analysed serial cross-sectional data from the National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS) collected between January 2011 and December 2016. We restricted the analysis to cocaine (N = 1,389,968) and methamphetamine (n = 1,407,474) samples and calculated proportions containing fentanyl (including 23 related analogs) over time. Results: The combined presence of fentanyl and cocaine steadily increased nationally between 2012-2016 (p = 0.01), and the number of such samples tripled from 2015 to 2016 (n = 423 to n = 1,325). Similarly, the combined presence of fentanyl and methamphetamine increased 179% from 2015 to 2016 (n = 82 - n = 272). Patterns varied widely by state; in 2016, fentanyl-cocaine samples were most common in New Hampshire (7.2%), Connecticut (5.4%), Ohio (2.6%) and Massachusetts (2.1%), whereas fentanyl-methamphetamine samples were most often in New Hampshire (6.1%), Massachusetts (5.6%), Vermont (2.4%) and Maine (1.2%). Conclusions: Although relatively uncommon, the presence of fentanyl in the stimulant supply increased significantly between 2011 and 2016, with the greatest increases occuring between 2015-2016; the presence of these products was concentrated in the U.S. Northeast. Given these trends, strengthening community-based drug checking programs and surveillance within the public health infrastructure could help promote timely responses to novel threats posed by rapid shifts in the drug supply that may lead to inadvertent exposures. Highlights: • Fentanyl-stimulant combinations increased between 2015 and 2016 in the U.S. • The number and proportion of fentanyl-stimulant combinations varied by region. • Subpopulations of stimulant users may benefit from overdose prevention interventions. |
Domaine : | Autres substances / Other substances ; Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs |
Affiliation : | Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA |
Lien : | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871620305810 |
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