Historique
Article de Périodique
Spatio-temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring (2020)
Auteur(s) :
GONZALEZ-MARINO, I. ;
BAZ-LOMBA, J. A. ;
ALYGIZAKIS, N. A. ;
ANDRES-COSTA, M. J. ;
BADE, R. ;
BARRON, L. P. ;
BÉEN, F. ;
BERSET, J. D. ;
BIJLSMA, L. ;
BODIK, I. ;
BRENNER, A. ;
BROCK, A. L. ;
BURGARD, D. A. ;
CASTRIGNANO, E. ;
CHRISTOPHORIDIS, C. E. ;
COVACI, A. ;
DE VOOGT, P. ;
DEVAULT, D. A. ;
DIAS, M. J. ;
EMKE, E. ;
FATTA-KASSINOS, D. ;
FEDOROVA, G. ;
FYTIANOS, K. ;
GERBER, C. ;
GRABIC, R. ;
GRUNER, S. ;
GUNNAR, T. ;
HAPESHI, E. ;
HEATH, E. ;
HELM, B. ;
HERNANDEZ, F. ;
KANKAANPAA, A. ;
KAROLAK, S. ;
KASPRZYK-HORDERN, B. ;
KRIZMAN-MATASIC, I. ;
LAI, F. Y. ;
LECHOWICZ, W. ;
LOPES, A. ;
LOPEZ DE ALDA, M. ;
LOPEZ-GARCIA, E. ;
LOVE, A. S. C. ;
MASTROIANNI, N. ;
MCENEFF, G. L. ;
MONTES, R. ;
MUNRO, K. ;
NÉFAU, T. ;
OBERACHER, H. ;
O'BRIEN, J. W. ;
OLAFSDOTTIR, K. ;
PICO, Y. ;
PLOSZ, B. G. ;
POLESEL, F. ;
POSTIGO, C. ;
QUINTANA, J. B. ;
RAMIN, P. ;
REID, M. J. ;
RICE, J. ;
RODIL, R. ;
SENTA, I. ;
SIMOES, S. M. ;
SREMACKI, M. M. ;
STYSZKO, K. ;
TERZIC, S. ;
THOMAIDIS, N. S. ;
THOMAS, K. V. ;
TSCHARKE, B. J. ;
VAN NUIJS, A. L. N. ;
YARGEAU, V. ;
ZUCCATO, E. ;
CASTIGLIONI, S. ;
ORT, C.
Année :
2020
Page(s) :
109-120
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Refs biblio. :
43
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :
EPI (Epidémiologie / Epidemiology)
Thésaurus mots-clés
EAUX USEES
;
PRODUIT ILLICITE
;
EPIDEMIOLOGIE
;
AMPHETAMINE
;
COCAINE
;
MDMA-ECSTASY
;
METHAMPHETAMINE
;
ANALYSE CHIMIQUE
;
CONSOMMATION
Thésaurus géographique
EUROPE
Résumé :
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Wastewater-based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population-normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011-17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data.
DESIGN: Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Catchment areas of 143 wastewater treatment plants in 120 cities in 37 countries.
MEASUREMENTS: Parent substances (amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA) and the metabolites of cocaine (benzoylecgonine) and of Delta(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol) were measured in wastewater using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Daily mass loads (mg/day) were normalized to catchment population (mg/1000 people/day) and converted to the number of combined doses consumed per day. Spatial differences were assessed world-wide, and temporal trends were discerned at European level by comparing 2011-13 drug loads versus 2014-17 loads. FINDINGS: Benzoylecgonine was the stimulant metabolite detected at higher loads in southern and western Europe, and amphetamine, MDMA and methamphetamine in East and North-Central Europe. In other continents, methamphetamine showed the highest levels in the United States and Australia and benzoylecgonine in South America. During the reporting period, benzoylecgonine loads increased in general across Europe, amphetamine and methamphetamine levels fluctuated and MDMA underwent an intermittent upsurge.
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of wastewater to quantify drug loads provides near real-time drug use estimates that globally correspond to prevalence and seizure data.
DESIGN: Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Catchment areas of 143 wastewater treatment plants in 120 cities in 37 countries.
MEASUREMENTS: Parent substances (amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA) and the metabolites of cocaine (benzoylecgonine) and of Delta(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol) were measured in wastewater using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Daily mass loads (mg/day) were normalized to catchment population (mg/1000 people/day) and converted to the number of combined doses consumed per day. Spatial differences were assessed world-wide, and temporal trends were discerned at European level by comparing 2011-13 drug loads versus 2014-17 loads. FINDINGS: Benzoylecgonine was the stimulant metabolite detected at higher loads in southern and western Europe, and amphetamine, MDMA and methamphetamine in East and North-Central Europe. In other continents, methamphetamine showed the highest levels in the United States and Australia and benzoylecgonine in South America. During the reporting period, benzoylecgonine loads increased in general across Europe, amphetamine and methamphetamine levels fluctuated and MDMA underwent an intermittent upsurge.
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of wastewater to quantify drug loads provides near real-time drug use estimates that globally correspond to prevalence and seizure data.
Affiliation :
Institute for Food Analysis and Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Autre(s) lien(s) :
Corrigendum
Cote :
Abonnement