| Titre : | Pathways through opiate use and offending: A systematic review (2017) |
| Auteurs : | K. P. HAYHURST ; M. PIERCE ; M. HICKMAN ; T. SEDDON ; G. DUNN ; J. KEANE ; T. MILLAR |
| Type de document : | Article : Périodique |
| Dans : | International Journal of Drug Policy (Vol.39, January 2017) |
| Article en page(s) : | 1-13 |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Discipline : | EPI (Epidémiologie / Epidemiology) |
| Mots-clés : |
Thésaurus TOXIBASE CRIMINALITE ; OPIACES ; DELINQUANCE ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; DELIT ; HEROINE ; PSYCHOTROPES ; CRACK |
| Résumé : |
Background: Although evidence points to a strong link between illicit drug use and crime, robust evidence for temporal order in the relationship is scant. We carried out a systematic review to assess the evidence for pathways through opiate/crack cocaine use and offending to determine temporal order.
Methods: A systematic review sourced five databases, three online sources, bibliographies and citation mapping. Inclusion criteria were: focus on opiate/crack use, and offending; pre-drug use information; longitudinal design; corroborative official crime records. Rate ratios (RR) of post-drug use initiation to pre-drug use initiation were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Results: 20 studies were included; UK (9) and US (11). All were of opiate use. Mean age at (recorded) offending onset (16.7 yrs) preceded mean age at opiate-use onset (19.6 yrs). Substantial heterogeneity (over 80%: unexplained by meta-regression) meant that RRs were not pooled. The RR for total (recorded) offending ranged from 0.71 to 25.7 (10 studies; 22 subsamples: positive association, 4: equivocal, 1: negative association). Positive associations were observed in 14/15 independent samples; unlikely to be a chance finding (sign test p = 0.001). Individual offence types were examined: theft (RR 0.63-8.3, 13 subsamples: positive, 9: equivocal, 1 negative); burglary (RR 0.74-50.0, 9 subsamples: positive, 13: equivocal); violence (RR 0.39-16.0, 6 subsamples: positive, 15: equivocal); and robbery (RR 0.50-5.0, 5 subsamples: positive, 15: equivocal). Conclusions: Available evidence suggests that onset-opiate use accelerates already-existing offending, particularly for theft. However, evidence is out of date, with studies characterised by heterogeneity and failure to use a matched non-opiate-user comparison group to better-establish whether onset-opiate use is associated with additional crime. |
| Domaine : | Autres substances / Other substances ; Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs |
| Sous-type de document : | Revue de la littérature / Literature review |
| Affiliation : | Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK |
| Cote : | Abonnement |
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