Titre : | A literature review and meta-analyses of cannabis use and suicidality (2016) |
Auteurs : | G. BORGES ; C. L. BAGGE ; R. OROZCO |
Type de document : | Article : Périodique |
Dans : | Journal of Affective Disorders (Vol.195, May 2016) |
Article en page(s) : | 63-74 |
Langues: | Anglais |
Discipline : | PSY (Psychopathologie / Psychopathology) |
Mots-clés : |
Thésaurus mots-clés CANNABIS ; SUICIDE ; TENTATIVE DE SUICIDE ; TYPE D'USAGE ; SURDOSE ; FACTEUR DE RISQUE |
Résumé : |
Background: We lack a review of the epidemiological literature on cannabis use (acute use and chronic usual quantity/frequency and heavy use) and suicidality (suicide death, suicide ideation, suicide attempt).
Methods: The English language literature on Medline, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, and public-use databases was searched for original articles, critical review reports, and public use data on cannabis use and suicide for the period ranging from 1990-2015 (February). Odds ratios (OR) from random effects in meta analyses for any cannabis use and heavy cannabis use were calculated. Results: The acute cannabis-suicidality literature mostly includes descriptive toxicology reports. In terms of death by suicide, the average positive cannabis rate was 9.50% for studies sampling from all suicides, with higher cannabis detection rates amongst suicide decedents by non-overdose methods. We found only 4 studies providing estimates for any chronic cannabis use and death by suicide (OR=2.56 (125-5.27)). After deleting duplicates we found 6 studies on any cannabis use and suicide ideation (OR=1.43 (1.13-1.83)), 5 studies on heavy cannabis use and suicide ideation (OR=2.53 (1.00-6.39)), 6 studies on any cannabis use and suicide attempt (OR=2.23 (1.24-4.00)) and 6 studies on heavy cannabis use and suicide attempt (OR=3.20 (1.72-5.94)). Conclusions: We currently lack evidence that acute cannabis use increases imminent risk for suicidality. The evidence tends to support that chronic cannabis use can predict suicidality, but the lack of homogeneity in the measurement of cannabis exposure and, in some instances, the lack of systematic control for known risk factors tempered this finding. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Highlights: We lack evidence that acute cannabis use increases imminent risk for suicidality. While chronic cannabis use can predict suicidality limitations are noted. We found heterogeneity on cannabis exposure and control of confounding. Research on women who use cannabis is more limited and a matter of great urgency. |
Domaine : | Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs |
Sous-type de document : | Méta-analyse / Meta-analysis ; Revue de la littérature / Literature review |
Affiliation : | National Institute of Psychiatry and Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico |
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