Titre : | Le tabagisme en France avant et après la Loi Evin de 1991 : Rapport de fin de Convention entre l'Association ENSANS (Environnement, Santé et Société) et le Commissariat général du plan (Instance d'Evaluation de la loi Evin) |
Titre traduit : | (Tobacco smoking in France before and after the 1991 Evin law) |
Auteurs : | S. KARSENTY ; K. SLAMA ; A. HIRSCH |
Type de document : | Rapport |
Editeur : | Paris : Commissariat général au plan (CGP), 1998 |
Format : | 42 p. |
Langues: | Français |
Discipline : | SAN (Santé publique / Public health) |
Mots-clés : |
Thésaurus géographique FRANCEThésaurus mots-clés TABAC ; LOI EVIN ; EVALUATION ; PREVALENCE ; POLITIQUE ; SANTE PUBLIQUE ; CONSOMMATION ; EVOLUTION ; SEXE FEMININ ; ADOLESCENT |
Résumé : |
FRANÇAIS :
L'évaluation des politiques publiques comprend logiquement deux volets : d'une part, la mesure de l'application des dispositifs et, d'autre part, la mesure de leurs effets ; particulièrement ceux qui ont été explicitement visés par les politiques concernées. Cette étude s'est située dans cette dernière perspective. Il s'est agi de savoir si la loi Evin avait eu pour conséquence une diminution des comportements de consommation de tabac chez les Français. Deux questions avaient été posées préalablement : - En supposant qu'on l'identifie, une baisse de fréquence des comportements tabagiques des Français pourra-t-elle être imputée aux stricts dispositifs contenus dans la loi Evin et ses décrets ? - Si une telle imputation paraît impossible, interdit-elle toute tentative d'évaluation des effets de la loi ? A partir d'un objectif simple, les questions de méthode sont nombreuses et délicates. ENGLISH: Object and method: This study intends to evaluate the effects on explicit aims of the "Loi Evin" taken in France in 1991, i.e. a change in tobacco smoking behaviours among French people. Evaluation was made out of existing data allowing a measure of the phenomenon before and after the 1988-1992 period. It processed a large amount of available data likely to feed a scientific approach. Confronting tobacco selling longitudinal data with series of surveys on regular tobacco smoking prevalence was especially stimulating. The so-called "Loi Veil'' (1976) effect has been displayed by recalling the main differences of context between the 70's and the 90's. Special attention was given to tobacco smoking in 12/18 years old and women. Acknowledgement of price - elasticity shown in the Insee studies was deciding. Results: From 1992 to 1997, the decreasing amount of sold tobacco is higher than 10% (11,2%). Such a result occurs after a flat stage installed from 1976 to 1990. Here can be observed the effects of both the Veil Act and the anti-tobacco campaigns. The rise in tobacco prices heavily occurs to explain the decrease in selling observed since 1992. Throwing out the tobacco from the official index of prices used as a reference in fixing levels of various lower 1imits of wages or benefits must be considered as a deciding component of the Evin Act. Analysis: Over the period 1976/1997, two acts influenced tobacco smoking behaviours. They had to process in different contexts. The brilliant impact of Veil Act follows the pursuance of a warning people about health and tobacco harm policy. Tobacco smoking prevalence was then still important and the trends of delayed imitation by women and young people were not disturbed by any public mass communication. Unlike this situation, the Evin Act had to prove its efficacy towards smokers or potential smokers whose lack of concern with health consequences was already the result of a selection compared to the homologous population of 1976. Thanks to price rising and enlarged forbidding to smoke in public, it again could efficiently erase on the top a number of "social" smokers without shaking "installed" smokers. In many smokers now, smoking or not smoking remains an unthought-of and impulsive behaviour, hardly sensitive to individual health risk but susceptible to the environment and price pressure. This mechanism will prove itself to be lasting if a public communication on health takes place now. |
Domaine : | Tabac / Tobacco / e-cigarette |
Refs biblio. : | 39 |
Affiliation : | Laboratoire CNRS/Université "Droit et changement social", Nantes ; Union Internationale Contre la Tuberculose et les Maladies Respiratoires, Paris ; Service de Pneumologie - Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France |
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