| Titre : | The temporal relationship between drug supply indicators: an audit of international government surveillance systems (2013) |
| Auteurs : | D. WERB ; T. KERR ; B. NOSYK ; S. STRATHDEE ; J. MONTANER ; E. WOOD |
| Type de document : | Article : Périodique |
| Dans : | BMJ Open (Vol.3, n°9, 2013) |
| Article en page(s) : | e003077 ; 8 p. |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Discipline : | MAR (Marchés / Markets) |
| Mots-clés : |
Thésaurus géographique INTERNATIONALThésaurus mots-clés MARCHE DE LA DROGUE ; OFFRE ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; PRIX ; EVOLUTION ; PURETE ; SAISIE ; SURVEILLANCE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE ; COCAINE ; HEROINE ; CANNABIS |
| Résumé : |
FRANÇAIS :
Un groupe de chercheurs états-uniens et canadiens ont étudié les données fournies par sept programmes gouvernementaux de surveillance du marché des drogues illicites. Leur conclusion est sans appel : la lutte internationale menée contre l'héroïne, la cocaïne ou le cannabis n'a pas du tout réussi à endiguer l'offre, bien au contraire. L'étude portait sur trois programmes qui concernaient le trafic international de la drogue, trois qui portaient uniquement sur les Etats-Unis et le dernier sur l'Australie. En comparant la situation aux Etats-Unis en 1990 à celle de 2007, les chercheurs ont découvert que les prix - ajustés en fonction de l'inflation - de l'héroïne, de la cocaïne et du cannabis avaient baissé de plus de 80 % (respectivement 81 %, 80 % et 86 % en fonction des programmes), alors que dans le même temps la pureté de ces drogues s'était fortement accrue : 6 % pour l'héroïne, 11 % pour la cocaïne et 161 % pour le cannabis. En Australie, le prix de la cocaïne a baissé de 14 % entre 2000 et 2010, contre une baisse de 49 % pour l'héroïne au cours de la même période. [Résumé IDPC] ENGLISH: Objectives: Illegal drug use continues to be a major threat to community health and safety. We used international drug surveillance databases to assess the relationship between multiple long-term estimates of illegal drug price and purity. Design: We systematically searched for longitudinal measures of illegal drug supply indicators to assess the long-term impact of enforcement-based supply reduction interventions. Setting: Data from identified illegal drug surveillance systems were analysed using an a priori defined protocol in which we sought to present annual estimates beginning in 1990. Data were then subjected to trend analyses. Main outcome measures: Data were obtained from government surveillance systems assessing price, purity and/or seizure quantities of illegal drugs; systems with at least 10 years of longitudinal data assessing price, purity/potency or seizures were included. Results: We identified seven regional/international metasurveillance systems with longitudinal measures of price or purity/potency that met eligibility criteria. In the USA, the average inflation-adjusted and purity-adjusted prices of heroin, cocaine and cannabis decreased by 81%, 80% and 86%, respectively, between 1990 and 2007, whereas average purity increased by 60%, 11% and 161%, respectively. Similar trends were observed in Europe, where during the same period the average inflation-adjusted price of opiates and cocaine decreased by 74% and 51%, respectively. In Australia, the average inflation-adjusted price of cocaine decreased 14%, while the inflation-adjusted price of heroin and cannabis both decreased 49% between 2000 and 2010. During this time, seizures of these drugs in major production regions and major domestic markets generally increased. Conclusions: With few exceptions and despite increasing investments in enforcement-based supply reduction efforts aimed at disrupting global drug supply, illegal drug prices have generally decreased while drug purity has generally increased since 1990. These findings suggest that expanding efforts at controlling the global illegal drug market through law enforcement are failing. |
| Domaine : | Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs |
| Refs biblio. : | 40 |
| Affiliation : | Urban Health Research Initiative, BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada |
| Lien : | http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003077 |
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