Titre : | Marked decline in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) based on wastewater analysis (2011) |
Auteurs : | C. CHEN ; C. KOSTAKIS ; P. HARPAS ; P. D. FELGATE ; R. J. IRVINE ; J. M. WHITE |
Type de document : | Article : Périodique |
Dans : | Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (Vol.72, n°5, September 2011) |
Article en page(s) : | 737-740 |
Langues: | Anglais |
Discipline : | PRO (Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods) |
Mots-clés : |
Thésaurus géographique AUSTRALIEThésaurus mots-clés MDMA-ECSTASY ; EAUX USEES ; REDUCTION DE CONSOMMATION ; EVOLUTION ; ANALYSE CHIMIQUE ; SALIVE ; CONSOMMATION |
Résumé : |
OBJECTIVE: Recent reports in Europe suggest a decline in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; Ecstasy) use, but quantifiable and objective measurement is unavailable. The global extent of changes in MDMA and related stimulant use is also unclear. This study aims to quantify changes in MDMA use in Australia and determine whether these changes have been accompanied by differing amounts of other stimulant use.
METHOD: We acquired information on recent use of MDMA and related illicit stimulants in Australia using the method of wastewater analysis. Untreated wastewater samples collected from three metropolitan treatment plants in Adelaide from May to July 2009 and the same months in 2010 were analyzed. Concentrations of MDMA, methamphetamine, and benzoylecgonine (a metabolite of cocaine) were determined using solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Weekly consumed doses of MDMA, methamphetamine, and cocaine per 1,000 people were estimated. RESULTS: From 2009 to 2010, weekly consumption of MDMA decreased from mean of 4.52 (SEM = 0.74) doses/week per 1,000 people to 0.08 (0.01) doses/week per 1,000 people (p CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a 50-fold decrease in consumed doses of MDMA with a rise in methamphetamine use in Australia over a 1-year period. |
Domaine : | Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs |
Affiliation : | Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia |
Lien : | http://www.jsad.com/jsad/article/Marked_Decline_in_34Methylenedioxymethamphetamine_MDMA_Based_on_Wastewa/4610.html |
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