Livre
Addiction: from biology to drug policy
(Addiction : de la biologie à la politique)
Auteur(s) :
A. GOLDSTEIN
Mention d'édition :
2ème ed.
Article en page(s) :
353 p.
Refs biblio. :
96
Domaine :
Plusieurs produits / Several products
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Discipline :
PRO (Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods)
Thésaurus mots-clés
NEUROTRANSMETTEURS
;
POTENTIEL ADDICTIF
;
RECEPTEUR
;
HEREDITE
;
ADDICTION
;
TRAITEMENT DE MAINTENANCE
;
MECANISME D'ACTION
;
PREVENTION
;
LEGISLATION
;
TABAC
;
NICOTINE
;
ALCOOL
;
BENZODIAZEPINES
;
ANTABUSE
;
OPIACES
;
HEROINE
;
MORPHINE
;
METHADONE
;
LAAM
;
COCAINE
;
CRACK
;
AMPHETAMINE
;
CANNABIS
;
CAFEINE
;
HALLUCINOGENES
;
NEUROBIOLOGIE
Thésaurus géographique
ETATS-UNIS
;
ROYAUME-UNI
;
PAYS-BAS
;
SUISSE
Note générale :
Oxford, Oxford Univ. Press, 2001, 353 p., ill., index.
Résumé :
FRANÇAIS :
Cet ouvrage assez général traite des thématiques de l'addiction : ce qui se passe dans le cerveau (fonctionnement des neurotransmetteurS, récepteurs, métabolisme, dépendance, hérédité génétique), une approche par produits classés en sept familles (mécanisme d'action, toxicité, effets, traitement), et les problèmes de société (prévention, prohibition, criminalité, sida). L'auteur évoque également les différences entre Etats-Unis et Royaume-Uni, la politique des Pays-Bas, l'expérience Suisse de scène ouverte et fait des propositions d'actions pour une politique de soins et de traitement plus humaine.
ENGLISH:
Part One explored similarities and differences among the seven families of addictive drugs - their actions in the brain, their addictiveness, and the way they induce tolerance and dependence. The basis was laid for considering drug addiction to be primarily a brain disease, a public health problem. An important goal of future research will be to work out all the chemical steps between the binding of an addictive drug to its receptor and the ultimate effect of the drug on reward systems and behavior. Another research aim is to learn about genetic predisposition to addiction in order to clarify why it is that only a fraction of all the people who try an addictive drug find it attractive enough to use repeatedly and thus to become addicts. Research accomplishments will inevitably lead to novel methods of prevention and treatment, as they always have in the field of biomedicine. Part Two expanded on the theme -drug by drug- that addicts (as stated explicitly by Dr. Alan Leshner, director of NIDA) are victims of a brain disease. For each of the seven drug families we saw how the disease typically develops and how it can be treated. These chapters laid the basis for the later discussions of what degree of regulation is appropriate for each drug. Future research will focus on establishing, in rigorous trials, what treatments are best for each addiction, and what better treatments can be developed. Part Three examined some major societal issues concerning prevention education, treatment, and relapse. We noted that although criminality is associated with addiction, blaming the criminal behavior wholly on the addiction is entirely too simplistic. The major role of intravenous drug use in the epidemic spread of AIDS and hepatitis was analyzed. Some novel British, Dutch, and Swiss approaches were examined to see what lessons alight be learned for U.S. drug policy. The debate over legalizing addictive drugs was analyzed, recognizing that most people agree that drugs need some degree of regulation. I have suggested that the degree of regulation ought to be different for each drug, tailored to the danger posed by that drug to individual and societal health and well-being. In the present chapter, I have offered general and specific recommendations for drug policy consistent with our present scientific and medical knowledge. The central theme here again was that drug addiction should be regarded as primarily a brain disease and a public health problem, and addressed accordingly at all levels of government. (Extract of the publication)
Cet ouvrage assez général traite des thématiques de l'addiction : ce qui se passe dans le cerveau (fonctionnement des neurotransmetteurS, récepteurs, métabolisme, dépendance, hérédité génétique), une approche par produits classés en sept familles (mécanisme d'action, toxicité, effets, traitement), et les problèmes de société (prévention, prohibition, criminalité, sida). L'auteur évoque également les différences entre Etats-Unis et Royaume-Uni, la politique des Pays-Bas, l'expérience Suisse de scène ouverte et fait des propositions d'actions pour une politique de soins et de traitement plus humaine.
ENGLISH:
Part One explored similarities and differences among the seven families of addictive drugs - their actions in the brain, their addictiveness, and the way they induce tolerance and dependence. The basis was laid for considering drug addiction to be primarily a brain disease, a public health problem. An important goal of future research will be to work out all the chemical steps between the binding of an addictive drug to its receptor and the ultimate effect of the drug on reward systems and behavior. Another research aim is to learn about genetic predisposition to addiction in order to clarify why it is that only a fraction of all the people who try an addictive drug find it attractive enough to use repeatedly and thus to become addicts. Research accomplishments will inevitably lead to novel methods of prevention and treatment, as they always have in the field of biomedicine. Part Two expanded on the theme -drug by drug- that addicts (as stated explicitly by Dr. Alan Leshner, director of NIDA) are victims of a brain disease. For each of the seven drug families we saw how the disease typically develops and how it can be treated. These chapters laid the basis for the later discussions of what degree of regulation is appropriate for each drug. Future research will focus on establishing, in rigorous trials, what treatments are best for each addiction, and what better treatments can be developed. Part Three examined some major societal issues concerning prevention education, treatment, and relapse. We noted that although criminality is associated with addiction, blaming the criminal behavior wholly on the addiction is entirely too simplistic. The major role of intravenous drug use in the epidemic spread of AIDS and hepatitis was analyzed. Some novel British, Dutch, and Swiss approaches were examined to see what lessons alight be learned for U.S. drug policy. The debate over legalizing addictive drugs was analyzed, recognizing that most people agree that drugs need some degree of regulation. I have suggested that the degree of regulation ought to be different for each drug, tailored to the danger posed by that drug to individual and societal health and well-being. In the present chapter, I have offered general and specific recommendations for drug policy consistent with our present scientific and medical knowledge. The central theme here again was that drug addiction should be regarded as primarily a brain disease and a public health problem, and addressed accordingly at all levels of government. (Extract of the publication)
Affiliation :
Stanford Univ.
Etats-Unis. United States.
Etats-Unis. United States.
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