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Results of hair analyses for drugs of abuse and comparison with self-reports and urine tests
(Résultats des analyses de cheveux pour les drogues et comparaison avec les consommations déclarées et les tests urinaires)
Auteur(s) :
MUSSHOFF F. ;
DRIEVER F. ;
K. LACHENMEIER ;
D. W. LACHENMEIER ;
M. BANGER ;
B. MADEA
Article en page(s) :
118-123
Refs biblio. :
36
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Langue(s) :
Français
Discipline :
EPI (Epidémiologie / Epidemiology)
Thésaurus mots-clés
URINE
;
SENSIBILITE
;
DEPISTAGE
;
TEST
;
PHANERES
;
ANALYSE CHIMIQUE
;
COMPARAISON
;
PREVALENCE
;
TOXICOLOGIE
;
OPIACES
;
METHADONE
;
COCAINE
;
CANNABINOIDES
;
AUTOEVALUATION
;
CANNABIS
;
MESURES QUANTITATIVES
Thésaurus géographique
ALLEMAGNE
Note générale :
Forensic Science International, 2006, 156, (2-3), 118-123
Note de contenu :
tabl.
Résumé :
ENGLISH :
Urine as well as head and pubic hair samples from drug abusers were analysed for opiates, cocaine and its metabolites, amphetamines, methadone and cannabinoids. Urine immunoassay results and the results of hair tests by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were compared to the self-reported data of the patients in an interview protocol. With regard to the study group, opiate abuse was claimed from the majority in self-reports (89%), followed by cannabinoids (55%), cocaine (38%), and methadone (32%). Except for opiates the comparison between self-reported drug use and urinalysis at admission showed a low correlation. In contrast to urinalysis, hair tests revealed consumption in more cases. There was also a good agreement between self-reports of patients taking part in an official methadone maintenance program and urine test results concerning methadone. However, hair test results demonstrated that methadone abuse in general was under-reported by people who did not participate in a substitution program. Comparing self-reports and the results of hair analyses drug use was dramatically under-reported, especially cocaine. Cocaine hair tests appeared to be highly sensitive and specific in identifying past cocaine use even in settings of negative urine tests. In contrast to cocaine, hair lacks sensitivity as a detection agent for cannabinoids and a proof of cannabis use by means of hair analysis should include the sensitive detection of the metabolite THC carboxylic acid in the lower picogram range.
ENGLISH :
Urine as well as head and pubic hair samples from drug abusers were analysed for opiates, cocaine and its metabolites, amphetamines, methadone and cannabinoids. Urine immunoassay results and the results of hair tests by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were compared to the self-reported data of the patients in an interview protocol. With regard to the study group, opiate abuse was claimed from the majority in self-reports (89%), followed by cannabinoids (55%), cocaine (38%), and methadone (32%). Except for opiates the comparison between self-reported drug use and urinalysis at admission showed a low correlation. In contrast to urinalysis, hair tests revealed consumption in more cases. There was also a good agreement between self-reports of patients taking part in an official methadone maintenance program and urine test results concerning methadone. However, hair test results demonstrated that methadone abuse in general was under-reported by people who did not participate in a substitution program. Comparing self-reports and the results of hair analyses drug use was dramatically under-reported, especially cocaine. Cocaine hair tests appeared to be highly sensitive and specific in identifying past cocaine use even in settings of negative urine tests. In contrast to cocaine, hair lacks sensitivity as a detection agent for cannabinoids and a proof of cannabis use by means of hair analysis should include the sensitive detection of the metabolite THC carboxylic acid in the lower picogram range.
Affiliation :
Institute of Legal Medicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Stiftsplatz 12, 53111 Bonn. Email : f.musshoff@uni-bonn.de
Allemagne. Germany.
Allemagne. Germany.
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