Historique
Périodique
Endocannabinoids as novel mediators of liver diseases
Auteur(s) :
A. MALLAT ;
S. LOTERSZTAJN
Article en page(s) :
58-65
Sous-type de document :
Revue de la littérature / Literature review
Refs biblio. :
55
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Langue(s) :
Français
Thésaurus mots-clés
FOIE
;
PHYSIOLOGIE
;
CANNABINOIDES
;
FIBROSE
;
CANNABIS
;
RECEPTEUR
;
PATHOLOGIE
Note générale :
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 2006, 29, (3 Suppl.), 58-65
Résumé :
ENGLISH :
In the past two decades, cannabinoids have emerged as crucial mediators in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Awareness of their critical functions in liver pathophysiology is only recent, probably given the low level of expression of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1 receptor) and type 2 (CB2 receptor) in normal liver. However, it has been shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis are associated to a marked upregulation of the hepatic endocannabinoid system, including increases in endocannabinoids and in hepatic CB receptors, both in humans and in rodents. Consequently, a growing number of cannabinoid-related hepatic effects are being unravelled. Hence, hepatic CB1 receptors enhance liver steatogenesis in a mouse model of high fat-induced obesity, and contribute to peripheral arterial vasodilation in cirrhosis, thereby promoting portal hypertension. In addition, CB1 and CB2 receptors elicit dual opposite effects on fibrogenesis associated to chronic liver injury, by promoting pro- and antifibrogenic effects, respectively. Therefore, endocannabinoid-based therapies may open novel therapeutic avenues in the treatment of chronic liver diseases. (Author' s abstract)
ENGLISH :
In the past two decades, cannabinoids have emerged as crucial mediators in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Awareness of their critical functions in liver pathophysiology is only recent, probably given the low level of expression of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1 receptor) and type 2 (CB2 receptor) in normal liver. However, it has been shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis are associated to a marked upregulation of the hepatic endocannabinoid system, including increases in endocannabinoids and in hepatic CB receptors, both in humans and in rodents. Consequently, a growing number of cannabinoid-related hepatic effects are being unravelled. Hence, hepatic CB1 receptors enhance liver steatogenesis in a mouse model of high fat-induced obesity, and contribute to peripheral arterial vasodilation in cirrhosis, thereby promoting portal hypertension. In addition, CB1 and CB2 receptors elicit dual opposite effects on fibrogenesis associated to chronic liver injury, by promoting pro- and antifibrogenic effects, respectively. Therefore, endocannabinoid-based therapies may open novel therapeutic avenues in the treatment of chronic liver diseases. (Author' s abstract)
Affiliation :
Unite INSERM 581, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil
France. France.
France. France.
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