Titre : | Theories of drug craving, ancient and modern |
Titre traduit : | (Les théories anciennes et modernes sur le besoin compulsif.) |
Auteurs : | D. C. DRUMMOND |
Type de document : | Périodique |
Année de publication : | 2001 |
Format : | 33-46 |
Note générale : |
Addiction, 2001, 96, (1), 33-46
|
Langues: | Anglais |
Discipline : | PSY (Psychopathologie / Psychopathology) |
Mots-clés : |
Thésaurus mots-clés ADDICTION ; THEORIE ; MODELE ; COMPULSION ; BESOIN ; CONDITIONNEMENT ; APPRENTISSAGE ; SYMPTOME |
Résumé : |
FRANÇAIS :
Cet article fait une synthèse sur les principaux modèles théoriques concernant le besoin compulsif et établit une classification en trois catégories. Les modèles phénoménologiques fondés sur l'observation et la description cliniques, les modèles fondés sur la théorie du conditionnement et les modèles fondés sur la théorie de l'apprentissage social. Il conclut qu'aucun de ces modèles fournit une explication complète du phénomène. L'hypothèse, relativement peu critiquée, selon laquelle le besoin compulsif constitue les bases sous-jacentes de l'addiction et représente la cible la plus appropriée du traitement, est mise au défi. ENGLISH: This paper reviews the principal theoretical models of drug craving and provides some directions for future research. The main models are classified broadly into three categories: (1) phenomenological models; based on clinical observation and description; these have been influential in classification systems of addictive disorders and in the development of pharmacological therapies; (2) conditioning models: based on conditioning theory; these have been influential in the development of cue exposure treatments; (3) cognitive theories; based on cognitive social learning theory: these have been influential in the development of cognitive therapies of addiction. It is concluded that no one specific theory provides a complete explanation of the phenomenon of craving. However, theories of craving grounded in general theories of human behaviour offer greatest promise, and generate more specific and testable research hypotheses. Theories that do not require craving to be present for relapse to occur have more empirical support than those that provide simplistic causal explanations. The cue-reactivity model shows promise in the exploration of the relationship between craving and relapse. However, further attention to the phenomenology of craving could help to advise the future measurement and study of drug craving, particularly in the context of research in which drugs are available to human subjects, with adequate ethical safeguards. There is a needforfurther study of the temporal dynamics of craving and consensus in the field on the most appropriate methods of measurement. Finally, new psychotherapies such as cue exposure and pharmacotherapies that aim to attenuate drinking behaviour, such as naltrexone and acamprosate, provide opportunities to improve understanding of the nature and significance of craving. However, the relatively uncritical assumption that craving is the underlying basis of addiction and represents the most appropriate target for treatment is challenged. (Author' s abstract) |
Domaine : | Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs |
Affiliation : |
Dept Addict. Behav. Psychol. Med., St George's Hosp. Med. Sch., Univ. London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE. Royaume-Uni. United Kingdom. |
Numéro Toxibase : | 205487 |
Centre Emetteur : | 02 Coordonnateur |
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