Titre : | Chloroephedrine: contaminant of methamphetamine synthesis with cardiovascular activity |
Titre traduit : | (La chloroéphédrine : un résidu de synthèse de la methamphétamine ayant une action cardiovasculaire) |
Auteurs : | K. J. VARNER ; HEIN N. D. ; B. A. OGDEN ; J. R. ARSENAULT ; K. M. CARTER ; SOINE W. H. |
Type de document : | Périodique |
Année de publication : | 2001 |
Format : | 299-307 / fig. ; graph. |
Note générale : |
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2001, 64, (3), 299-307 |
Langues: | Anglais |
Discipline : | PRO (Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods) |
Mots-clés : |
Thésaurus mots-clés METHAMPHETAMINE ; PRECURSEURS ; ANALYSE CHIMIQUE ; TOXICITE ; APPAREIL CARDIOVASCULAIRE |
Résumé : |
ENGLISH : Chloroephedrine is an intermediate and possible contaminant formed when methamphetamine is manufactured using ephedrine or pseudoephedrine as precursors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this contaminant has biological activity and might contribute to methamphetamine-induced cardiovascular toxicity. In conscious rats, the (-) and (+) isomers of chloroephedrine (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (FIR). The potency of the pressor effects of (-) and (+)-chloroephedrine was between that of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. The increases in HR elicited by the four stimulants were similar except that the tachycardia elicited by all doses of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were preceded by a brief decrease in HR. The i.v. administration of 10 mg/kg of (+) or (-)-chloroephedrine produced biphasic (decrease followed by increase) the MAP and HR responses. Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine did not decrease MAP at any dose tested. The initial decrease in HR elicited by (-)-chloroephedrine was significantly reduced and the hypotensive response abolished by atropine, indicating that these components of the MAP and HR responses resulted from vagal activation. The secondary pressor response elicited by (-)-chloroephedrine was significantly reduced and the tachycardia significantly increased by pretreatment with phentolamine (3 mg/kg, i.v.). The increase in HR was reversed by propranolol. These results indicate that (-) and (+)-chloroephedrine have sympathomimetic properties similar to other known sympathomimetic stimulants. In addition, larger doses of chloroephedrine can activate the vagus nerve. The combination of (+)-methamphetamine and (-)-chloroephedrine did not markedly alter the magnitude of the MAP and HR responses of (+)-methamphetarnine alone except at high doses of (-)-chloroephedrine (10 mg/kg). Contamination of illicit methamphetamine with chloroephedrine may have toxic consequences. (Author's abstract.) |
Note de contenu : | fig. ; graph. |
Domaine : | Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs |
Refs biblio. : | 29 |
Affiliation : |
Dept. Pharmacol., Louisiana State Univ. Hlth Sci. Ctr., 1901 Perdido Str., New Orleans, LA 70112 Etats-Unis. United States. |
Numéro Toxibase : | 803775 |
Centre Emetteur : | 08 CAS Strasbourg |
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