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Advances in molecular genetics and the prevention and treatment of substance misuse: implications of association studies of the A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor gene
(Les avancées en génétique moléculaire et la prévention et la prise en charge du mésusage de substances psychoactives : implications des études sur le lien entre l'allèle A1 du gène du récepteur dopaminergique et le risque de mésusage)
Auteur(s) :
R. M. YOUNG ;
LAWFORD B. R. ;
NUTTING A. ;
E. P. NOBLE
Article en page(s) :
1275-1294
Refs biblio. :
110
Domaine :
Plusieurs produits / Several products
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Discipline :
PRO (Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods)
Thésaurus mots-clés
RECHERCHE
;
GENETIQUE
;
RECEPTEUR
;
DOPAMINE
;
PERSONNALITE
;
FACTEUR DE RISQUE
;
ABUS
;
DEPENDANCE
;
RENFORCEMENT
Note générale :
Addictive Behaviors, 2004, 29, (7), 1275-1294
Note de contenu :
tabl.
Résumé :
ENGLISH :
Substance misuse is influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Recent research has identified a number of potential genetic markers of risk and those associated with drug reward substrates show particular promise. The current study reexamines the extant published data of the association between the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene minor Taq 1A (A1) allele and substance misuse risk. A series of meta-analyses was performed on 64 studies examining DRD2 A1+ allelic status and substance misuse. In addition, personality was examined as a possible endophenotype. Significant association was found between the A1 allele and severe substance dependence in both Caucasian and non-Caucasian groups. The data did not support a significant association between the A1 allele and personality features. While the specific mechanism underlying these associations requires further elucidation, this genetic marker shows promise as a marker of brain reinforcement processes. Possible ways of utilising the A1 allele to inform prevention and treatment initiatives are discussed. (Editor's abstract.)
ENGLISH :
Substance misuse is influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Recent research has identified a number of potential genetic markers of risk and those associated with drug reward substrates show particular promise. The current study reexamines the extant published data of the association between the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene minor Taq 1A (A1) allele and substance misuse risk. A series of meta-analyses was performed on 64 studies examining DRD2 A1+ allelic status and substance misuse. In addition, personality was examined as a possible endophenotype. Significant association was found between the A1 allele and severe substance dependence in both Caucasian and non-Caucasian groups. The data did not support a significant association between the A1 allele and personality features. While the specific mechanism underlying these associations requires further elucidation, this genetic marker shows promise as a marker of brain reinforcement processes. Possible ways of utilising the A1 allele to inform prevention and treatment initiatives are discussed. (Editor's abstract.)
Affiliation :
School of psychology and counselling, QUT Carseldine, Beams Road, Carseldine, Brisbane Qld 4034. E-mail : rm.youngqut.edu.au
Australie. Australia.
Australie. Australia.
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