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Low efficacy of non-opioid drugs in opioid withdrawal symptoms
(Faible efficacité de substances non-opioïdes à alléger les symptômes de sevrage des opioïdes.)
Auteur(s) :
D. HERMANN ;
KLAGES E. ;
WELZEL H. ;
K. MANN ;
CROISSANT B.
Article en page(s) :
165-169
Refs biblio. :
28
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Thésaurus mots-clés
OPIOIDES
;
SYNDROME DE SEVRAGE
;
COCAINE
;
ALCOOL
;
CANNABIS
;
BENZODIAZEPINES
;
AMPHETAMINE
;
EFFICACITE
Note générale :
Addiction Biology, 2005, 10, (2), 165-169
Note de contenu :
tabl.
Résumé :
ENGLISH :
Opioid withdrawal, stress or cues associated with opioid consumption can induce opioid craving. If opioids are not available, opioid-dependent patients usually search for alternative drugs. Because several non-opioid drugs stimulate the endogenous opioidergic system, this concept may explain their frequent use by opioid-dependent patients. We hypothesized that non-opioid drugs alleviate opioid withdrawal symptoms and are therefore consumed by opioid addicts. We asked 89 opioid-dependent patients participating in an out-patient opioid maintenance program to estimate the potential of several non-opioid drugs in being able to alleviate opioid withdrawal. We applied a five-point Lickert scale (1 = very good reduction of opioid withdrawal; 5 = no reduction of opioid withdrawal). Patients could also indicate a worsening of opioid withdrawal. Values (mean + SD) were: for benzodiazepines, 3.2 + 1.1; tricyclic antidepressants, 3.6 + 1.1; cannabis, 3.6 + 1.0; alcohol, 4.1?+?1.1; cocaine, 4.2 + 1.1; amphetamine, 4.4 + 0.9; nicotine, 4.7 + 0.7; and caffeine, 4.9 + 0.5. A worsening of opioid withdrawal was reported by 62% of the patients for cocaine, 62% for amphetamine, 50% for caffeine, 37.5% for cannabis, 27% for nicotine, 26% for alcohol, 8% for tricyclic antidepressants and 3% for benzodiazepines. Our study shows a low efficacy of non-opioid drugs in alleviating opioid withdrawal symptoms. The data basis of this study was good and the sample was suitable to be asked for estimations of drug-drug interactions. Of the patients, 26 62% even reported a worsening of opioid withdrawal for cannabis, alcohol, cocaine and amphetamine. Only benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants were reported to have a moderate positive effect on opioid withdrawal. (Author' s abstract)
ENGLISH :
Opioid withdrawal, stress or cues associated with opioid consumption can induce opioid craving. If opioids are not available, opioid-dependent patients usually search for alternative drugs. Because several non-opioid drugs stimulate the endogenous opioidergic system, this concept may explain their frequent use by opioid-dependent patients. We hypothesized that non-opioid drugs alleviate opioid withdrawal symptoms and are therefore consumed by opioid addicts. We asked 89 opioid-dependent patients participating in an out-patient opioid maintenance program to estimate the potential of several non-opioid drugs in being able to alleviate opioid withdrawal. We applied a five-point Lickert scale (1 = very good reduction of opioid withdrawal; 5 = no reduction of opioid withdrawal). Patients could also indicate a worsening of opioid withdrawal. Values (mean + SD) were: for benzodiazepines, 3.2 + 1.1; tricyclic antidepressants, 3.6 + 1.1; cannabis, 3.6 + 1.0; alcohol, 4.1?+?1.1; cocaine, 4.2 + 1.1; amphetamine, 4.4 + 0.9; nicotine, 4.7 + 0.7; and caffeine, 4.9 + 0.5. A worsening of opioid withdrawal was reported by 62% of the patients for cocaine, 62% for amphetamine, 50% for caffeine, 37.5% for cannabis, 27% for nicotine, 26% for alcohol, 8% for tricyclic antidepressants and 3% for benzodiazepines. Our study shows a low efficacy of non-opioid drugs in alleviating opioid withdrawal symptoms. The data basis of this study was good and the sample was suitable to be asked for estimations of drug-drug interactions. Of the patients, 26 62% even reported a worsening of opioid withdrawal for cannabis, alcohol, cocaine and amphetamine. Only benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants were reported to have a moderate positive effect on opioid withdrawal. (Author' s abstract)
Affiliation :
Dept Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Univ. Heidelberg, J 5, D-68159 Mannheim. E-mail: suchtzi-mannheim.de
Allemagne. Germany.
Allemagne. Germany.
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