Catalogue en ligne OFDT Documentation

Accompagne Public health guidance on prevention and control of blood-borne viruses in prison settings. Prevention and control of communicable diseases in prison settings. Scientific advice / OEDT = EMCDDA ; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

Titre :	Systematic review on the prevention and control of blood-borne viruses in prison settings. Prevention and control of communicable diseases in prison settings
Type de document :	Rapport
Auteurs :	OEDT = EMCDDA ; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Editeur :	Lisbon : OEDT / EMCDDA
Année de publication :	2018
Autre Editeur :	Stockholm : ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control)
Collection :	Joint publications
Importance :	198 p.
ISBN/ISSN/EAN :	978-92-9498-254-4
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE PRISON ; VIRUS ; PREVENTION ; INFECTION ; HEPATITE ; VIH ; EFFICACITE ; TRAITEMENT ; INJECTION ; METHODE ; MODELE ; INTERVENTION Thésaurus Géographique EUROPE
Mots-clés :	evidence-based
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	MAL Maladies infectieuses / Infectious diseases
Résumé :	Compared with the general public, people in prisons have a higher prevalence of infection with blood-borne viruses (BBVs) such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This is recognised as a major issue for the health of people in prisons, as well as the general population, because the majority of people who have been incarcerated will subsequently return to their communities. The objective of this report was to systematically review data on prevention and control of BBVs in prison settings, with a focus on the countries of the European Union and the European Economic Area (EEA).
Sous-type de document :	Revue de la littérature / Literature review
Lien :	http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-publications/ecdc/systematic-revi [...]
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80490

Documents numériques

ECDC-EMCDDA_BBV-in-prisons_Review_2018.pdf

Adobe Acrobat PDF

[n° ou bulletin]

est un bulletin de Courrier des Addictions (Le)

Titre :	Vol.20, n°2 - Avril-mai-juin 2018
Type de document :	Périodique
Année de publication :	2018
Importance :	31 p.
Langues :	Français (fre)
Discipline :	PSY Psychopathologie / Psychopathology
Note de contenu :	SOMMAIRE : - Editorial : Quelles régulations de la consommation de cannabis dans les États américains qui l'ont légalisée ? (A. Dervaux), p. 3-4. - L'errance sous le prisme des addictions - Un entretien avec François Chobeaux (D. Touzeau, A. Deschenau), p. 5-7. DOSSIER "Les hallucinations non psychiatriques" : - Avant-propos - Les hallucinations non psychiatriques (R. Jardri, P. Thomas), p. 8. - Compagnons imaginaires et hallucinations de l'enfant : comment les distinguer, quand s'inquiéter ? (M. Bohet, F. Medjkane, R. Jardri), p. 9-11. - L'Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc : l'épreuve sportive au pouvoir hallucinogène (M. Dudoignon, R. Jardri, R. Hurdiel), p. 12-13. - Hallucinations hypnagogiques et paralysies du sommeil (J.-B. Maranci, I. Arnulf), p. 14-20. - Brève - Le GHB sous les projecteurs (A. Deschenau), p. 20. - Enfin un consensus européen pour les traitements agonistes opioïdes et peut-être un langage commun ! (D. Touzeau, O. Simon), p. 21-23. - Prise en charge des troubles de l'usage des opioïdes : où en est-on ? (C. Lucet), p. 24-25. - Congrès - American Psychiatric Association Meeting 2018, New York (A. Dervaux), p. 26-28. - Brève - Rapport du CNCDH : agir contre les maltraitances du système de santé, p. 28. - Témoignage - Nicotine, fille de joie ou mère d'addiction (P. Rouzaud), p. 29.
Cote :	Abonnement
Lien :	http://www.edimark.fr/courrier-addictions/n_2_06-2018
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=bulletin_display&id=8902

Contient

Quelles régulations de la consommation de cannabis dans les États américains qui l'ont légalisée ? [Editorial] / A. DERVAUX in Courrier des Addictions (Le), Vol.20, n°2 (Avril-mai-juin 2018)
Enfin un consensus européen pour les traitements agonistes opioïdes et peut-être un langage commun ! / D. TOUZEAU ; O. SIMON in Courrier des Addictions (Le), Vol.20, n°2 (Avril-mai-juin 2018)
Prise en charge des troubles de l'usage des opioïdes : où en est-on ? / C. LUCET in Courrier des Addictions (Le), Vol.20, n°2 (Avril-mai-juin 2018)

[article]
inEuropean Addiction Research > Vol.24, n°2 (July 2018) . - 60-70

Titre :	Global scientific production on illicit drug addiction: A two-decade analysis
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	M. KHALILI ; A. RAHIMI-MOVAGHAR ; B. SHADLOO ; R. MOJTABAI ; K. MANN ; M. AMIN-ESMAEILI
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	60-70
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique INTERNATIONAL Thésaurus TOXIBASE GEOGRAPHIE ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; RECHERCHE ; COMPARAISON
Mots-clés :	publication
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	SAN Santé publique / Public health
Résumé :	AIMS: Addiction science has made great progress in the past decades. We conducted a scientometric study in order to quantify the number of publications and the growth rate globally, regionally, and at country levels. METHODS: In October 2015, we searched the Scopus database using the general keywords of addiction or drug-use disorders combined with specific terms regarding 4 groups of illicit drugs - cannabis, opioids, cocaine, and other stimulants or hallucinogens. All documents published during the 20-year period from 1995 to 2014 were included. RESULTS: A total of 95,398 documents were retrieved. The highest number of documents were on opioids, both globally (60.1%) and in each of 5 continents. However, studies on cannabis showed a higher growth rate in the last 5-year period of the study (2010-2014). The United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Australia, France, Spain, Italy, China, and Japan - almost all studies were from high-income countries - occupied the top 10 positions and produced 81.4% of the global science on drug addiction. CONCLUSION: As there are important socio-cultural differences in the epidemiology and optimal clinical care of addictive disorders, it is suggested that low- and more affected middle-income countries increase their capacity to conduct research and disseminate the knowledge in this field.
Refs biblio. :	35
Affiliation :	Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80531

[article]
inEuropean Addiction Research > Vol.24, n°2 (July 2018) . - 53-59

Titre :	Decreases of life expectancy despite decreases in non-communicable disease mortality: The role of substance use and socioeconomic status
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	J. REHM ; C. PROBST
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	53-59
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE ESPERANCE DE VIE ; EVOLUTION ; MORTALITE ; ALCOOL ; TABAC ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; CAUSE DE DECES ; PATHOLOGIE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol ; Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs ; Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	With the epidemiological transition, causes of death shifted from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and life expectancy increased, as these NCD deaths occurred later in life. However, in the United States, over the past years, life expectancy has been stagnating or decreasing despite decreasing NCD mortality rates. Analyses of the most important underlying causes of death with increasing premature mortality reveal that psychoactive substance use played a crucial role for these increases. Furthermore, it can be shown, that a high proportion of the increased premature mortality and decreased life expectancies happened in lower socio-economic strata. Substance use policies should thus focus on lowering the gap between substance-attributable mortality in higher versus lower socioeconomic strata.
Refs biblio. :	79
Affiliation :	Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80530

[article]
inMorbidity and Mortality Weekly Report > Vol.67, n°8 (June 15, 2018) . - 1-114

Titre :	Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2017
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	L. KANN ; T. McMANUS ; W. A. HARRIS ; S. L. SHANKLIN ; K. H. FLINT ; B. QUEEN ; R. LOWRY ; D. CHYEN ; L. WHITTLE ; J. THORNTON ; C. LIM ; D. BRADFORD ; Y. YAMAKAWA ; M. LEON ; N. BRENER ; K. A. ETHIER
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	1-114
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique ETATS-UNIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE ENQUETE ; JEUNE ; CONDUITE A RISQUE ; VIOLENCE ; TABAC ; ALCOOL ; CANNABIS ; VIH ; ENFANT ; ADOLESCENT ; SANTE ; MILIEU SCOLAIRE ; CONDUITE DE VEHICULE ; CIGARETTE ELECTRONIQUE ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; SEXUALITE ; GEOGRAPHIE
Domaine :	Alcool / Alcohol ; Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs ; Tabac / Tobacco
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	PROBLEM: Health-risk behaviors contribute to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among youth and adults in the United States. In addition, significant health disparities exist among demographic subgroups of youth defined by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade in school and between sexual minority and nonsexual minority youth. Population-based data on the most important health-related behaviors at the national, state, and local levels can be used to help monitor the effectiveness of public health interventions designed to protect and promote the health of youth at the national, state, and local levels. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: September 2016-December 2017. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM: The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-related behaviors among youth and young adults: 1) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) sexual behaviors related to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; 5) unhealthy dietary behaviors; and 6) physical inactivity. In addition, YRBSS monitors the prevalence of other health-related behaviors, obesity, and asthma. YRBSS includes a national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) conducted by CDC and state and large urban school district school-based YRBSs conducted by state and local education and health agencies. [...] RESULTS: Results from the 2017 national YRBS indicated that many high school students are engaged in health-risk behaviors associated with the leading causes of death among persons aged 10-24 years in the United States. During the 30 days before the survey, 39.2% of high school students nationwide (among the 62.8% who drove a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey) had texted or e-mailed while driving, 29.8% reported current alcohol use, and 19.8% reported current marijuana use. In addition, 14.0% of students had taken prescription pain medicine without a doctor's prescription or differently than how a doctor told them to use it one or more times during their life. During the 12 months before the survey, 19.0% had been bullied on school property and 7.4% had attempted suicide. Many high school students are engaged in sexual risk behaviors that relate to unintended pregnancies and STIs, including HIV infection. Nationwide, 39.5% of students had ever had sexual intercourse and 9.7% had had sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life. Among currently sexually active students, 53.8% reported that either they or their partner had used a condom during their last sexual intercourse. Results from the 2017 national YRBS also indicated many high school students are engaged in behaviors associated with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. Nationwide, 8.8% of high school students had smoked cigarettes and 13.2% had used an electronic vapor product on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey. [...] INTERPRETATION: Most high school students cope with the transition from childhood through adolescence to adulthood successfully and become healthy and productive adults. However, this report documents that some subgroups of students defined by sex, race/ethnicity, grade in school, and especially sexual minority status have a higher prevalence of many health-risk behaviors that might place them at risk for unnecessary or premature mortality, morbidity, and social problems (e.g., academic failure, poverty, and crime). PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION: YRBSS data are used widely to compare the prevalence of health-related behaviors among subpopulations of students; assess trends in health-related behaviors over time; monitor progress toward achieving 21 national health objectives; provide comparable state and large urban school district data; and take public health actions to decrease health-risk behaviors and improve health outcomes among youth. Using this and other reports based on scientifically sound data is important for raising awareness about the prevalence of health-related behaviors among students in grades 9-12, especially sexual minority students, among decision makers, the public, and a wide variety of agencies and organizations that work with youth. These agencies and organizations, including schools and youth-friendly health care providers, can help facilitate access to critically important education, health care, and high-impact, evidence-based interventions.
Refs biblio. :	41
Affiliation :	Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
Lien :	https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6708a1
URL :	Youth risk behavior survey: Data summary & trends report 2007-2017 : https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/trendsreport.pdf https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/results.htm Teen sex, drug use decline, JAMA, 2018;320(4):333 : http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.9638
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80517

[article]
inInternational Journal of Drug Policy > Vol.56 (June 2018) . - 208-217

Titre :	Drug consumption rooms: Comparing times, spaces and actors in issues of social acceptability in French public debate
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	M. JAUFFRET-ROUSTIDE ; I. CAILBAULT
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	208-217
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique FRANCE ; VILLE DE PARIS Thésaurus TOXIBASE SALLE DE CONSOMMATION A MOINDRE RISQUE ; COMPARAISON ; REDUCTION DES RISQUES ; POLITIQUE ; OPINION PUBLIQUE ; SOCIOLOGIE ; MEDIA ; PRESSE ; ETUDE QUALITATIVE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	SHS Sciences humaines et sociales / Human and social sciences
Résumé :	Background: In October 2016, the first French drug consumption room (DCR) opened in Paris. We propose to examine the process through which this issue has been framed as a matter of public concern, after being ignored for almost 20 years. Our analysis of the controversy on DCRs investigates how public conversations on harm reduction evolve according to the time period (from the 1990s to the present), scale of discourse (local vs. national), and involved actors (politicians, professionals, local residents, and drug users). Methodology: Our methodology includes analyses of media content: we reviewed 1735 articles published between 1990 and 2017. Our theoretical approach is in line with the sociology "des épreuves" derived from pragmatic sociology and controversy analysis. This approach goes beyond interactionism by attempting to place situations back into broader sociological realities. We also pay special attention to governance, a political lens that focuses on local aspects of negotiations and on the implication of a variety of actors. Results: While the current debate on DCRs in France draws on constraints and resources already present in the harm reduction debate of the 1980s, it also repositions itself by avoiding moral argumentation and featuring less confrontation in the professional sphere. Today, we can see that the center of this tense debate has shifted from the professional sphere to the political and residential spheres. Most often, residents advance concerns that are not directly related to drug users themselves, but that derive from their apprehension of living in a displaced and stranded neighborhood. The public conversation leaves little room for drug users, even though they are the primary stakeholders of harm reduction and play a crucial role in DCR advocacy. Conclusion: Our work reveals that the controversy about DCR is the product of complex interactions between different kinds of actors harm reduction professionals, political actors at the local and national levels, local residents, and drug users. Comparing different instances of public debate reveals the specific limitations and potentials for change in French drug policy.
Affiliation :	Cermes 3 (Inserm U988/UMR CNRS 8211/EHESS/Paris Descartes University), Paris, France
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80512

[article]
inInternational Journal of Drug Policy > Vol.56 (June 2018) . - 187-196

Titre :	Drug affordability - potential tool for comparing illicit drug markets
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	T. GROSHKOVA ; A. CUNNINGHAM ; L. ROYUELA ; N. SINGLETON ; T. SAGGERS ; R. SEDEFOV
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	187-196
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Organismes OEDT Thésaurus TOXIBASE MARCHE DE LA DROGUE ; PRIX ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; HEROINE ; COCAINE ; PURETE ; MODELE STATISTIQUE ; COMPARAISON Thésaurus Géographique EUROPE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	MAR Marché de la drogue / Drug market
Résumé :	Background: The importance of illicit drug price data and making appropriate adjustments for purity has been repeatedly highlighted for understanding illicit drug markets. The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) has been collecting retail price data for a number of drug types alongside drug-specific purity information for over 15 years. While these data are useful for a number of monitoring and analytical purposes, they are not without their limitations and there are circumstances where additional adjustment needs to be considered. This paper reviews some conceptual issues and measurement challenges relevant to the interpretation of price data. It also highlights the issues with between-country comparisons of drug prices and introduces the concept of affordability of drugs, going beyond purity-adjustment to account for varying national economies. Methods: Based on a 2015 European data set of price and purity data across the heroin and cocaine retail markets, the paper demonstrates a new model for drug market comparative analysis; calculation of drug affordability is achieved by applying to purity-adjusted prices 2015 Price Level Indices (PLI, Eurostat). Results: Available data allowed retail heroin and cocaine market comparison for 27 European countries. The lowest and highest unadjusted prices per gram were observed for heroin: in Estonia, Belgium, Greece and Bulgaria (lowest) and Finland, Ireland, Sweden and Latvia (highest); for cocaine: the Netherlands, Belgium and the United Kingdom (lowest) and Turkey, Finland, Estonia and Romania (highest). The affordability per gram of heroin and cocaine when taking into account adjustment for both purity and economy demonstrates different patterns. Conclusion: It is argued that purity-adjusted price alone provides an incomplete comparison of retail price across countries. The proposed new method takes account of the differing economic conditions within European countries, thus providing a more sophisticated tool for cross-national comparisons of retail drug markets in Europe. Future work will need to examine other potential uses of the drug affordability tool. Limitations The limitations of this measure reflect primarily the limitations of the constituent data; in addition to issues inherent in collecting accurate data on illicit markets, analysis that relies on data collected from multiple countries is susceptible to discrepancies in data collection practices from country to country.
Affiliation :	European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80511

[article]
inInternational Journal of Drug Policy > Vol.56 (June 2018) . - 153-161

Titre :	Prohibition, regulation or laissez faire: The policy trade-offs of cannabis policy
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	O. ROGEBERG
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	153-161
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus TOXIBASE MODELE ; ECONOMIE ; CANNABIS ; PROHIBITION ; POLITIQUE ; COUT ; BENEFICE ; MARCHE DE LA DROGUE ; LEGALISATION
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	MAR Marché de la drogue / Drug market
Résumé :	Trade-offs are central to the cannabis policy debate. Prohibition and strict regulation may help reduce the physical, mental and social harms of cannabis consumption, but at the cost of increasing the harms from illegal markets and reducing consumption benefits. An economic model clarifies how these costs and benefits relate to policy and connects them to observable prices and tax-levels given the assumptions of the analysis. These model- based arguments are related to the ongoing academic policy debate. While some arguments from this literature modify the interpretation of the model (e.g., due to dependence, cognitive biases and market structure), the literature often fails to appropriately account for the magnitude of the policy costs and benefits identified. Taking various caveats into account, the framework indicates that a strict regulation would likely be preferable to prohibition given current estimates of excess harms (externalities and internalities) from cannabis use. While cannabis prohibition appears difficult to justify within an economic regulatory framework, risks from industry influence, policy ratchet effects, and human "decision-making flaws" speak to the need for caution and strong regulation when implementing legal regimes.
Affiliation :	Frisch Centre, Norway
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80510

[article]
inInternational Journal of Drug Policy > Vol.56 (June 2018) . - 131-136

Titre :	Drug supply indicators: Pitfalls and possibilities for improvements to assist comparative analysis
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	N. SINGLETON ; A. CUNNINGHAM ; T. GROSHKOVA ; L. ROYUELA ; R. SEDEFOV
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	131-136
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique INTERNATIONAL Organismes OEDT ; ONU Thésaurus TOXIBASE MARCHE DE LA DROGUE ; COMPARAISON ; METHODE ; SURVEILLANCE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE ; DIFFUSION DES PRODUITS ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; CRIMINALITE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	MAR Marché de la drogue / Drug market
Résumé :	Interventions to tackle the supply of drugs are seen as standard components of illicit drug policies. Therefore drug market-related administrative data, such as seizures, price, purity and drug-related offending, are used in most countries for policy monitoring and assessment of the drug situation. International agencies, such as the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and the UN Office of Drugs and Crime, also monitor and report on the drug situation cross-nationally and therefore seek to collect and make available key data in a uniform manner from the countries they cover. However, these data are not primarily collected for this purpose, which makes interpretation and comparative analysis difficult. Examples of limitations of these data sources include: the extent to which they reflect operational priorities rather than market changes; question marks over the robustness of and consistency in data collection methods, and issues around the timeliness of data availability. Such problems are compounded by cultural, social and contextual differences between countries. Making sense of such data is therefore challenging and extreme care needs to be taken using it. Nevertheless, these data provide an important window on a hidden area, so improving the quality of the data collected and expanding its scope should be a priority for those seeking to understand or monitor drug markets and supply reduction. In addition to highlighting some of the potential pitfalls in using supply indicators for comparative analysis, this paper presents a selection of options for improvements based on the current EMCDDA programme of work to improve their supply-related monitoring and analysis. The conceptual framework developed to steer this work may have wider application. Adopting this approach has the potential to provide a richer picture of drug markets, at both national and international levels, and make it easier to compare data between countries.
Affiliation :	European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80509

[article]
inInternational Journal of Drug Policy > Vol.56 (June 2018) . - 81-91

Titre :	Injecting drug use: Gendered risk
Type de document :	Périodique
Auteurs :	R. ZAHNOW ; A. R. WINSTOCK ; L. J. MAIER ; J. LEVY ; J. FERRIS
Année de publication :	2018
Article en page(s) :	81-91
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thésaurus Géographique EUROPE ; AMERIQUE DU NORD ; AMERIQUE DU SUD ; OCEANIE Thésaurus TOXIBASE ENQUETE ; INJECTION ; DIFFERENCE DE GENRE ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; SEXE FEMININ ; INITIATION ; REDUCTION DES RISQUES ; PARTENAIRE SEXUEL ; TYPE D'USAGE
Domaine :	Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :	EPI Epidémiologie / Epidemiology
Résumé :	Background: Research demonstrates gender related differences in drug-use practices and risk behaviours. Females' structural vulnerability stemming from traditional gender roles and gender-power relations may enhance their propensity to experience injecting related risk. In this paper we explore gender differences in injection practices at the initiation event, during the first year of injecting and in the most recent 12-month period, to inform more effective harm reduction strategies. Methods: Data used in this study were drawn from the Global Drug Survey 2015. The study employs chi-square and logistic regression to assess gender differences in injection behaviours in a sample of current injectors residing in six global regions: North-West Europe; Southern Eastern Europe; North America. South America and Oceania. Results: Females were more likely than males to report being injected by an intimate partner at initiation (OR = 4.4, 95%CI: 2.2-8.8), during the first year of injecting (OR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.4-9.3) and in the most recent 12-month period (OR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.0-6.2). Females reported greater difficulties accessing sterile equipment (X²(2,N = 453) = 8.2, p = 0.02) and were more likely to share injecting equipment than males (X²(1,N = 463) = 3.9, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings highlight females' continued dependence on their intimate partner to administer the injection into the first year of their injecting career. Females remained more likely than males to rely on intimate partners for injection during the most recent 12-month period. Females report greater difficulties in sourcing sterile equipment and are more likely to share injecting equipment. We suggest that these findings reflect the broader social structure in which females are disempowered through traditional gender roles and the lack of gender appropriate harm reduction services.
Affiliation :	School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Australia
Cote :	Abonnement
Permalink :	https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80508

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