Evaluation of a point-of-care testing product for drugs of abuse; testing site is a key variable / H. R. KRANZLER

Donner un avis Titre : Evaluation of a point-of-care testing product for drugs of abuse; testing site is a key variable Titre traduit : (Evaluation d'un test de dépistage rapide de l'abus de drogues: le site du test est une variable clé) Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : H. R. KRANZLER ; J. STONE ; L. McLAUGHLIN Année de publication : 1995 ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 0376-8716 Note générale : Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1995, 40, (1), 55-62 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus TOXIBASE CANNABINOIDES ; COCAINE ; OPIACES ; TEST ; DEPISTAGE ; URINE Discipline : PRO Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods Résumé : FRANÇAIS : Le Test EZ-SCREEN, est prévu pour le dépistage des métabolites de la cocaïne (benzoylecgonine), des cannabinoïdes et des opiacés dans l'urine. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés lorsque le test est effectué par des équipes d'infirmiers d'une unité de soins résidentiels et en laboratoire d'analyse. Les résultats sont comparés avec les tests Abbott (ADx). En laboratoire l'efficacité des différentes méthodes est la même, alors que le dépistage du THC et de la benzoylecgonine est moins efficace lorsqu'il est effectué par des équipes soignantes. ENGLISH : We evaluated the EZ-SCREEN Test Kit for the presence of cocaine metabolite, cannabinoids and opiates in urine. Patient specimens were tested in the laboratory using both Abbott Laboratories ADx and EZSCREEN. We found comparable analytical efficiency between methods used in a laboratory but lower efficiency fot THC and BE with pointof-care testing. We conclude that the EZ-SCREEN may not be suitable for use in a busy clinical setting. (From authors' abstract). Domaine : Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs Refs biblio. : 19 Affiliation : Dept Lab. Med., Univ. Connecticut Hlth Ctr, 263 Farmington, CT 06030 Etats-Unis. United States. Numéro Toxibase : 801879 Centre Emetteur : 08 CAS Strasbourg Permalink : https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35247

Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: a multistage systematic review / L. DEGENHARDT ; A. PEACOCK ; S. COLLEDGE ; J. LEUNG ; J. GREBELY ; P. VICKERMAN ; J. STONE ; E. B. CUNNINGHAM ; A. TRICKEY ; K. DUMCHEV ; M. LYNSKEY ; P. GRIFFITHS ; R. P. MATTICK ; M. HICKMAN ; S. LARNEY in Lancet Global Health (The), Vol.5, n°12 (December 2017)  

Donner un avis [article]  inLancet Global Health (The) > Vol.5, n°12 (December 2017) . - e1192-e1207 Titre : Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: a multistage systematic review Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : L. DEGENHARDT ; A. PEACOCK ; S. COLLEDGE ; J. LEUNG ; J. GREBELY ; P. VICKERMAN ; J. STONE ; E. B. CUNNINGHAM ; A. TRICKEY ; K. DUMCHEV ; M. LYNSKEY ; P. GRIFFITHS ; R. P. MATTICK ; M. HICKMAN ; S. LARNEY Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : e1192-e1207 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus TOXIBASE VIH ; HEPATITE ; INJECTION ; USAGER ; PROFIL SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIQUE ; PREVALENCE ; EVOLUTION ; PRODUIT ILLICITE ; GEOGRAPHIE Discipline : MAL Maladies infectieuses / Infectious diseases Résumé : Background: Sharing of equipment used for injecting drug use (IDU) is a substantial cause of disease burden and a contributor to blood-borne virus transmission. We did a global multistage systematic review to identify the prevalence of IDU among people aged 15-64 years; sociodemographic characteristics of and risk factors for people who inject drugs (PWID); and the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among PWID. Methods: Consistent with the GATHER and PRISMA guidelines and without language restrictions, we systematically searched peer-reviewed databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO; articles published since 2008, latest searches in June, 2017), searched the grey literature (websites and databases, searches between April and August, 2016), and disseminated data requests to international experts and agencies (requests sent in October, 2016). We searched for data on IDU prevalence, characteristics of PWID, including gender, age, and sociodemographic and risk characteristics, and the prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV among PWID. Eligible data on prevalence of IDU, HIV antibody, HBsAg, and HCV antibody among PWID were selected and, where multiple estimates were available, pooled for each country via random effects meta-analysis. So too were eligible data on percentage of PWID who were female; younger than 25 years; recently homeless; ever arrested; ever incarcerated; who had recently engaged in sex work, sexual risk, or injecting risk; and whose main drugs injected were opioids or stimulants. We generated regional and global estimates in line with previous global reviews. Findings: We reviewed 55 671 papers and reports, and extracted data from 1147 eligible records. Evidence of IDU was recorded in 179 of 206 countries or territories, which cover 99% of the population aged 15-64 years, an increase of 31 countries (mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and the Pacific Islands) since a review in 2008. IDU prevalence estimates were identified in 83 countries. We estimate that there are 15.6 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 10.2-23.7 million) PWID aged 15-64 years globally, with 3.2 million (1.6-5.1 million) women and 12.5 million (7.5-18.4 million) men. Gender composition varied by location: women were estimated to comprise 30.0% (95% UI 28.5-31.5) of PWID in North America and 33.4% (31.0-35.6) in Australasia, compared with 3.1% (2.1-4.1) in south Asia. Globally, we estimate that 17.8% (10.8-24.8) of PWID are living with HIV, 52.3% (42.4-62.1) are HCV-antibody positive, and 9.0% (5.1-13.2) are HBV surface antigen positive; there is substantial geographic variation in these levels. Globally, we estimate 82.9% (76.6-88.9) of PWID mainly inject opioids and 33.0% (24.3-42.0) mainly inject stimulants. We estimate that 27.9% (20.9-36.8) of PWID globally are younger than 25 years, 21.7% (15.8-27.9) had recently (within the past year) experienced homelessness or unstable housing, and 57.9% (50.5-65.2) had a history of incarceration. Interpretation: We identified evidence of IDU in more countries than in 2008, with the new countries largely consisting of low-income and middle-income countries in Africa. Across all countries, a substantial number of PWID are living with HIV and HCV and are exposed to multiple adverse risk environments that increase health harms. Funding: Australian National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Open Society Foundation, World Health Organization, the Global Fund, and UNAIDS. Domaine : Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs Sous-type de document : Revue de la littérature / Literature review Refs biblio. : 43 Affiliation : National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Lien : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30375-3 URL : Comment: Prins M., Bruneau J. Estimates are not enough: scaling-up interventions to improve the health of people who inject drugs. The Lancet Global Health, 2017, 5(12): e1162-e1163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2 Permalink : https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79505 [article]

Modelling the impact of incarceration and prison-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment on HCV transmission among people who inject drugs in Scotland / J. STONE ; N. K. MARTIN ; M. HICKMAN ; S. J. HUTCHINSON ; E. ASPINALL ; A. TAYLOR ; A. MUNRO ; K. DUNLEAVY ; E. PETERS ; P. BRAMLEY ; P. C. HAYES ; D. J. GOLDBERG ; P. VICKERMAN in Addiction, Vol.112, n°7 (July 2017)    

Donner un avis [article]  inAddiction > Vol.112, n°7 (July 2017) . - 1302-1314 Titre : Modelling the impact of incarceration and prison-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment on HCV transmission among people who inject drugs in Scotland Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : J. STONE ; N. K. MARTIN ; M. HICKMAN ; S. J. HUTCHINSON ; E. ASPINALL ; A. TAYLOR ; A. MUNRO ; K. DUNLEAVY ; E. PETERS ; P. BRAMLEY ; P. C. HAYES ; D. J. GOLDBERG ; P. VICKERMAN Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : 1302-1314 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus Géographique ECOSSE ; ROYAUME-UNI Thésaurus TOXIBASE HEPATITE ; PRISON ; INCARCERATION ; TRAITEMENT DE MAINTENANCE ; CONTAMINATION ; USAGER ; INJECTION ; MODELE STATISTIQUE Discipline : MAL Maladies infectieuses / Infectious diseases Résumé : Background and Aims: People who inject drugs (PWID) experience high incarceration rates, and previous incarceration is associated with elevated hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission risk. In Scotland, national survey data indicate lower HCV incidence in prison than the community (4.3 versus 7.3 per 100 person-years), but a 2.3-fold elevated transmission risk among recently released ( Design: Dynamic mathematical modelling of incarceration and HCV transmission, using approximate Bayesian computation for model calibration. Setting: Scotland, UK. Participants: A simulated population of PWID. Measurements: Population-attributable fraction (PAF) of incarceration to HCV transmission among PWID. Decrease in HCV incidence and chronic prevalence due to current levels of prison opiate substitution therapy (OST; 57% coverage) and HCV treatment, as well as scaling-up DAAs in prison and/or preventing the elevated risk associated with prison release. Findings: Incarceration contributes 27.7% [PAF; 95% credible interval (CrI) -3.1 to 51.1%] of HCV transmission among PWID in Scotland. During the next 15 years, current HCV treatment rates (10.4/6.8 per 1000 incarcerated/community PWID annually), with existing prison OST, could reduce incidence and chronic prevalence among all PWID by a relative 10.7% (95% CrI = 8.4-13.3%) and 9.7% (95% CrI = 7.7-12.1%), respectively. Conversely, without prison OST, HCV incidence and chronic prevalence would decrease by 3.1% (95% CrI = -28.5 to 18.0%) and 4.7% (95% CrI = -11.3 to 14.5%). Additionally, preventing the heightened risk among recently released PWID could reduce incidence and chronic prevalence by 45.0% (95% CrI = 19.7-57.5%) and 33.3% (95% CrI = 15.6-43.6%) or scaling-up prison HCV treatments to 80% of chronic PWID prison entrants with sufficient sentences (>16 weeks) could reduce incidence and prevalence by 45.6% (95% CrI = 38.0-51.3%) and 45.5% (95% CrI = 39.3-51.0%), respectively. Conclusions: Incarceration and the elevated transmission risk following prison release can contribute significantly to hepatitis C virus transmission among people who inject drugs. Scaling-up hepatitis C virus treatment in prison can provide important prevention benefits. Domaine : Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs Refs biblio. : 47 Affiliation : School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Cote : Abonnement Lien : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.13783 Permalink : https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79071 [article]

Perceptions and hidden agendas : barriers to effective strategies in Australian workplaces / J. STONE

Donner un avis Titre : Perceptions and hidden agendas : barriers to effective strategies in Australian workplaces Titre traduit : (Perceptions et programmes cachés : obstacles à des stratégies efficaces en milieu du travail en Australie) Type de document : Congrès Auteurs : J. STONE Année de publication : 1993 Note générale : In : 2nd National Conference on alcohol and other drugs in the workplace, IPS Industrial Program Service, Sydney, Australia, 26-27 May 1993, 7 p., Sydney, IPS, 1993 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus TOXIBASE MILIEU PROFESSIONNEL ; ABUS ; PREVENTION ; LUTTE ; PROGRAMME Discipline : PRE Prévention / Prevention Résumé : FRANÇAIS : Cet article présente les obstacles auxquels l'ADF (Australian Drug Foundation) doit faire face pour mener à bien son programme de lutte contre l'abus d'alcool et de drogues en entreprise. La première partie de l'article donne un aperçu de la perception et de l'interprétation des problèmes de toxicomanie par les personnes influentes dans l'entreprise (syndicats, employeurs, personnel soignant spécialisé dans les problèmes d'abus de substance). La seconde partie analyse les problèmes contextuels d'influence et le type de programmes à envisager. ENGLISH : This paper will focus on a range of barriers encountered by the ADF's workplace Programs Project when working with industry on the development of policies and programs targeting the misuse of alcohol and other drugs. The first area of discussion will be a general overview of the perception and interpretation of "drug problems" by the key stakeholders (trade unions, employers, health and A&D professionals) and secondly, an analysis of the contextual issues of influence. In other words, what is influencing where these key players are coming from and what agendas need to be addressed ? (Extract from the author's abstract) Domaine : Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs Affiliation : Workplace Programs, Australian Drug Fdn Australie. Australia. Numéro Toxibase : 202381 Centre Emetteur : 02 Coordonnateur Permalink : https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39477

Public health and international drug policy / J. CSETE ; A. KAMARULZAMAN ; M. KAZATCHKINE ; F. ALTICE ; M. BALICKI ; J. BUXTON ; J. CEPEDA ; M. COMFORT ; E. GOOSBY ; J. GOULAO ; C. HART ; T. KERR ; A. M. LAJOUS ; S. LEWIS ; N. MARTIN ; D. MEJIA ; A. CAMACHO ; D. MATHIESON ; I. OBOT ; A. OGUNROMBI ; S. SHERMAN ; J. STONE ; N. VALLATH ; P. VICKERMAN ; T. ZABRANSKY ; C. BEYRER in Lancet (The), Vol.387, n°10026 (April 2, 2016)

Donner un avis [article]  inLancet (The) > Vol.387, n°10026 (April 2, 2016) . - 1427-1480 Titre : Public health and international drug policy Type de document : Périodique Auteurs : J. CSETE ; A. KAMARULZAMAN ; M. KAZATCHKINE ; F. ALTICE ; M. BALICKI ; J. BUXTON ; J. CEPEDA ; M. COMFORT ; E. GOOSBY ; J. GOULAO ; C. HART ; T. KERR ; A. M. LAJOUS ; S. LEWIS ; N. MARTIN ; D. MEJIA ; A. CAMACHO ; D. MATHIESON ; I. OBOT ; A. OGUNROMBI ; S. SHERMAN ; J. STONE ; N. VALLATH ; P. VICKERMAN ; T. ZABRANSKY ; C. BEYRER Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : 1427-1480 Note générale : - Editorial: Reforming international drug policy. The Lancet, 2016, 387(10026), p. 1347. - Correspondence: A call to reprioritise metrics to evaluate illicit drug policy. Werb D., Kazatchkine M., Kerr T., Nutt D., Strathdee S., Hankins C., et al., The Lancet, 2016, 387(10026), p. 1371. - News: Iacobucci G. Sixty seconds on... the war on drugs. British Medical Journal, 2016; 352(8051): i1756. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thésaurus Géographique INTERNATIONAL Thésaurus TOXIBASE SANTE PUBLIQUE ; PROHIBITION ; POLITIQUE ; VIH ; HEPATITE ; TRAITEMENT DE MAINTENANCE ; VIOLENCE ; CRIMINALITE ; REDUCTION DES RISQUES ; COUT ; INCARCERATION ; EVOLUTION ; PRISON ; ACCES AUX SOINS ; TUBERCULOSE ; TRAITEMENT ; PRODUCTION Organismes ONU Discipline : SAN Santé publique / Public health Résumé : ENGLISH: In September, 2015, the member states of the UN endorsed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030, which aspire to human-rights-centred approaches to ensuring the health and wellbeing of all people. The SDGs embody both the UN Charter values of rights and justice for all and the responsibility of states to rely on the best scientific evidence as they seek to better humankind. In April, 2016, these same states will consider control of illicit drugs, an area of social policy that has been fraught with controversy and thought of as inconsistent with human rights norms, and in which scientific evidence and public health approaches have arguably had too limited a role. The previous UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on drugs in 1998 - convened under the theme, "A drug-free world - we can do it!" - endorsed drug-control policies with the goal of prohibiting all use, possession, production, and trafficking of illicit drugs. This goal is enshrined in national laws in many countries. In pronouncing drugs a "grave threat to the health and wellbeing of all mankind", the 1998 UNGASS echoed the foundational 1961 convention of the international drug-control regime, which justified eliminating the "evil" of drugs in the name of "the health and welfare of mankind". But neither of these international agreements refers to the ways in which pursuing drug prohibition might affect public health. The war on drugs and zero-tolerance policies that grew out of the prohibitionist consensus are now being challenged on multiple fronts, including their health, human rights, and development impact. The Johns Hopkins-Lancet Commission on Drug Policy and Health has sought to examine the emerging scientific evidence on public health issues arising from drug-control policy and to inform and encourage a central focus on public health evidence and outcomes in drug-policy debates, such as the important deliberations of the 2016 UNGASS on drugs. The Commission is concerned that drug policies are often coloured by ideas about drug use and dependence that are not scientifically grounded. The 1998 UNGASS declaration, for example, like the UN drug conventions and many national drug laws, does not distinguish between drug use and drug misuse. A 2015 report by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, by contrast, emphasised that drug use "is neither a medical condition, nor does it necessarily lead to drug dependence". The idea that all drug use is dangerous and evil has led to enforcement-heavy policies and has made it difficult to see potentially dangerous drugs in the same light as potentially dangerous foods, tobacco, and alcohol, for which the goal of social policy is to reduce potential harms. FRANÇAIS : Le Lancet publie un plaidoyer très documenté sur l'évolution des politiques des drogues à l'international et leur incidence en termes de santé publique, les défis à relever et les leçons à tirer de l'échec des approches prohibitionnistes longtemps majoritaires. La Johns Hopkins-Lancet Commission on Drug Policy and Health, à l'origine de ce rapport entend examiner les preuves scientifiques probantes quant aux effets des politiques des drogues sur la santé publique pour informer et encourager un débat non politicien et pragmatique, éclairé par des données solides, notamment dans le cadre de l'UNGASS 2016. Une des préoccupations de ce rapport est notamment la distinction entre usage de substances et abus de substances, confusion à l'origine du développement de mesures répressives - souvent discriminantes pour les minorités ethniques - au détriment de la prise en charge et du développement de dispositifs de réduction des risques et des dommages dont on connaît l'impact sur la santé publique. [Actualités des addictions, 05/04/2016] Domaine : Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs Refs biblio. : 432 Affiliation : Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA URL : http://idpc.net/publications/2016/03/public-health-and-international-drug-policy Permalink : https://bdoc.ofdt.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=77064 [article]