Factors associated with different cannabis supply methods: results from the French 2017 ESCAPAD and Health Barometer surveys (2026)

BACKGROUND: Cannabis supply methods vary depending on the country, legislation, availability, and population characteristics. In many countries, cannabis consumption remains illegal and poses a major public health concern. Therefore, it is essential to study the factors associated with cannabis supply.
METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2017 French ESCAPAD and Health Barometer surveys (HBS). ESCAPAD is a national cross-sectional survey representative of 17-year-olds, while the HBS is a national cross-sectional telephone survey representative of French individuals aged 18-64. To ensure representativeness, data were weighted, and missing data were imputed. Three cannabis supply methods used in the past year were available in both databases and were analyzed using multivariate multinomial logistic regressions: (a) obtained for free; (b) bought from friends, relatives, or dealers; (c) home cultivation.
RESULTS: The study included 2,943 17-years-old and 1,221 adults who reported using at least one of the analyzed methods to obtain cannabis. The majority had purchased cannabis (60% in ESCAPAD and 68% in HBS), while 33% and 24%, respectively, obtained it free, and only 5% and 8% had cultivated it. Among both 17-year-olds and adults, compared with obtaining cannabis for free, being male and experiencing problematic cannabis use were associated with buying or cultivating cannabis. Among 17-year-olds, being an apprentice was associated with a higher likelihood of cultivation, while earning money in the past 30 days and experiencing depression were associated with buying cannabis. Early experimentation with cannabis was associated with both supply methods among adolescents. Among adults, the 26-34 age group was associated with both buying and cultivating, while having less than a high school diploma was associated only with purchasing.
CONCLUSION: Cannabis supply methods are similar between minors and adults, with buying from friends, relatives, or dealers being the most common source. This study identifies vulnerable people who use cannabis and their acquisition practices, providing valuable insights for public policies. [Author's abstract]