Historique
Article de Périodique
New psychoactive substances: A Canadian perspective on emerging trends and challenges for the clinical laboratory (2024)
Auteur(s) :
MILLER, J. J. ;
YAZDANPANAH, M. ;
COLANTONIO, D. A. ;
BERIAULT, D. R. ;
DELANEY, S. R.
Année
2024
Page(s) :
art. 110810
Sous-type de document :
Revue de la littérature
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Refs biblio. :
111
Domaine :
Drogues illicites
Discipline :
PRO (Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods)
Thésaurus géographique
CANADA
Thésaurus mots-clés
DROGUES DE SYNTHESE
;
PHENOMENE EMERGENT
;
ANALYSE CHIMIQUE
;
OPIOIDES
;
FENTANYL
;
CANNABINOIDES
;
BENZODIAZEPINES
;
STIMULANTS
;
HALLUCINOGENES
;
MECANISME D'ACTION
;
BIOCHIMIE
;
METABOLISME
;
SURVEILLANCE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE
Autres mots-clés
Résumé :
The production and use of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) has skyrocketed over the last decade, causing major challenges for government authorities, public health agencies, and laboratories across the world. NPS are designed to mimic the psychoactive effects of unregulated or controlled drugs, while constantly being modified to evade drug control regulation. Hence, they are referred to as "legal highs", as they are technically legal to sell, possess, and use. NPS can be classified by their pharmacological mechanism of action and include cannabimimetic, depressants, dissociatives, hallucinogens, opioids, and stimulants. There is significant structural diversity within each NPS class, leading to variable detection using traditional clinical laboratory testing and complicating the interpretation of results. In this article, we review each of the NPS classes and summarize their associated mechanism of action, common structures, and metabolic pathways, and provide examples of recent drugs and emerging threats with a focus on Canadian drug trends. We also explore the current analytical advantages and limitations commonly faced by the clinical laboratory and provide insight on how toxicosurveillance can improve detection of NPS in the ever-changing NPS landscape. [Author's abstract]
Highlights:
New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are referred to as "legal highs", due to their constantly evolving structures allowing them to temporarily bypass regulation.
NPS are organized based on their pharmacological mechanism of action and may be classified into the following groups: cannabimimetic, depressants, dissociatives, hallucinogens, opioids, and stimulants.
NPS are growing in number and structural diversity, complicating the ability of the clinical laboratory to detect substances in patient samples.
Toxicosurveillance can help clinical labs identify emerging NPS trends to allow them to adapt to changing clinical needs.
Highlights:
New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are referred to as "legal highs", due to their constantly evolving structures allowing them to temporarily bypass regulation.
NPS are organized based on their pharmacological mechanism of action and may be classified into the following groups: cannabimimetic, depressants, dissociatives, hallucinogens, opioids, and stimulants.
NPS are growing in number and structural diversity, complicating the ability of the clinical laboratory to detect substances in patient samples.
Toxicosurveillance can help clinical labs identify emerging NPS trends to allow them to adapt to changing clinical needs.
Affiliation :
Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada