Beyond frequency and quantity of cannabis consumption among college students: Context of using cannabis relates to cannabis-related outcomes (2025)

Objective: Due to little knowledge regarding the contextual factors related to cannabis use, we aimed to provide descriptive statistics regarding contextual factors related to use and examine the predictive ability of contextual factors.
Method: We included college student participants (n = 5700; male = 2893, female = 3702, other gender identity = 48, missing = 57) from three multi-site studies in our analyses. We examined the means and standard deviations of contextual factors related to cannabis use (social context/setting, form of cannabis, route of administration, source of purchase, and proxies of use). Additionally, we tested the predictive ability of the contextual factors on cannabis use consequences, protective behavioral strategies, and severity of cannabis use disorder, via an exploratory machine learning model (random forest).
Results: Descriptive statistics and the correlations between the contextual factors and the three outcomes are provided. Exploratory random forests indicated that contextual factors may be helpful in predicting consequences and protective behavioral strategies and especially useful in predicting the severity of cannabis use disorder.
Conclusions: Contextual factors of cannabis use warrants further exploration, especially considering the difficulty in assessing dosage when individuals are likely to consume in a group context. We propose considering measuring contextual factors along with use in the past 30 days and consequences of use.