Historique
Chapitre
Western and Central Europe: towards a cohesive model for drug policies?
Auteur(s) :
COLSON, R. (Auteur) ;
BERGERON, H. (Auteur) ;
BEWLEY-TAYLOR, D. R. (Éditeur scientifique) ;
TINASTI, K. (Éditeur scientifique)
Année
2020
Page(s) :
94-112
Langue(s) :
Anglais
ISBN :
978-1-78811-706-7
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :
SAN (Santé publique / Public health)
Thésaurus géographique
EUROPE
;
EUROPE DE L'OUEST
;
PORTUGAL
Thésaurus mots-clés
POLITIQUE
;
PRODUIT ILLICITE
;
MODELE
;
MARCHE DE LA DROGUE
;
PREVALENCE
;
DROGUES DE SYNTHESE
;
DECRIMINALISATION
;
CULTUREL
;
CANNABIS
Note générale :
In : Research handbook on international drug policy, Bewley-Taylor D.R., Tinasti K. (Dir.). Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA, Edward Elgar Publishing
Résumé :
[...] This chapter provides an overview of the drug issue and of the governance structure of drug policies in Europe. First, we review the latest available figures on the prevalence of illicit drug use and the state of national markets which show that Europe is not only a land of consumption and trafficking but also of production and exportation. We then demonstrate how the continental integration process and the rise of subnational actors, especially cities, has challenged the centrality of European states and led to the development of multilevel governance in the design of drug policies. Finally, we identify a cultural model of drug policy that favours treatment and reintegration of users rather than deprivation of their liberty. This model, in which harm reduction plays an important role, is now dominant in Europe even though variation between states still exists with regard to legal penalties and sentencing practices that punish drug offences. Our argument also turns the spotlight on various legal instruments, be they transnational, such as the European Union (EU) response to new psychoactive substances, or national, such as the Portuguese decriminalization experience which demonstrate that Europe is a place of innovation in the field of drug policy. [Extract]