Historique
Rapport
Women who inject drugs and HIV: Addressing specific needs
Auteur(s) :
UNODCCP (United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention / Office des Nations Unies pour le contrôle des drogues et la prévention du crime) ;
OMS / WHO (Organisation mondiale de la santé / World Health Organization) ;
INPUD (International Network of People Who Use Drugs)
Année
2014
Page(s) :
12 p.
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Éditeur(s) :
Vienna : UNODC
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :
MAL (Maladies infectieuses / Infectious diseases)
Thésaurus mots-clés
SEXE FEMININ
;
INJECTION
;
VIH
;
REDUCTION DES RISQUES ET DES DOMMAGES
;
PREVENTION
;
DIFFERENCE DE GENRE
;
DROITS HUMAINS
;
ACCES AUX SOINS
;
INTERVENTION
;
INCARCERATION
;
RECOMMANDATION
Thésaurus géographique
INTERNATIONAL
Organismes
ONU
Résumé :
Throughout the world, people who inject drugs (PWID) are all too familiar with stigmatization, vulnerability, marginalization and high risk for HIV. The situation is even worse for women who inject drugs (WID), who are often ignored and invisible within the larger drug-using population. National and international research, services, guidelines, training programmes and surveillance concerning people who inject drugs remain overwhelmingly gender-neutral or male-focused. Partly as a result, limited data exist on the role women play among those who inject drugs, and their specific challenges and needs are rarely recognized or understood.
The health and human rights impacts of such invisibility can be very harmful. Women who inject drugs face a range of gender-specific barriers to accessing HIV-related services, and in many contexts they remain a particularly hard-to-reach population, even where harm reduction programmes are in place. The stigma and discrimination that they experience, which is often heightened by gender-based violence and abuse, increases their risk for contracting HIV and other blood-borne viruses, as well as a wide range of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
For the purposes of this policy brief, harm reduction services are defined by the interventions included in the Comprehensive Package, as detailed in the WHO/UNODC/UNAIDS Technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users:
1. Needle and syringe programmes (NSPs).
2. Opioid substitution therapy (OST) and other evidence-based drug dependence treatment.
3. HIV testing and counselling (HTC).
4. Antiretroviral therapy (ART).
5. Prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
6. Condom programmes for people who inject drugs and their sexual partners.
7. Targeted information, education and communication (IEC) for people who inject drugs and their sexual partners.
8. Prevention, vaccination, diagnosis and treatment for viral hepatitis.
9. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB).
The health and human rights impacts of such invisibility can be very harmful. Women who inject drugs face a range of gender-specific barriers to accessing HIV-related services, and in many contexts they remain a particularly hard-to-reach population, even where harm reduction programmes are in place. The stigma and discrimination that they experience, which is often heightened by gender-based violence and abuse, increases their risk for contracting HIV and other blood-borne viruses, as well as a wide range of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
For the purposes of this policy brief, harm reduction services are defined by the interventions included in the Comprehensive Package, as detailed in the WHO/UNODC/UNAIDS Technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users:
1. Needle and syringe programmes (NSPs).
2. Opioid substitution therapy (OST) and other evidence-based drug dependence treatment.
3. HIV testing and counselling (HTC).
4. Antiretroviral therapy (ART).
5. Prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
6. Condom programmes for people who inject drugs and their sexual partners.
7. Targeted information, education and communication (IEC) for people who inject drugs and their sexual partners.
8. Prevention, vaccination, diagnosis and treatment for viral hepatitis.
9. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB).