Historique
Rapport
New psychoactive substances risk and transmission. Part 4/5
Titre de série :
Systematic literature review on stimulant use and HIV
Auteur(s) :
ONUDC / UNODC (Office des Nations Unies contre la drogue et le crime / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)
Année
2017
Page(s) :
26 p.
Sous-type de document :
Revue de la littérature
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Éditeur(s) :
Vienna : UNODC
Domaine :
Drogues illicites
Discipline :
MAL (Maladies infectieuses / Infectious diseases)
Thésaurus mots-clés
VIH
;
HEPATITE
;
FACTEUR DE RISQUE
;
INFECTION
;
DROGUES DE SYNTHESE
;
CATHINONES
;
INJECTION
;
CONDUITE A RISQUE
;
HSH
;
STIMULANTS
Résumé :
The objective of this review is to carry out a review of published and grey literature on the evidence of injecting and non-injecting stimulant use (particularly crack, cocaine and ATS) and their possible link to HIV, HCV & HBV vulnerability and transmission. To identify:
- The extent of HIV, HCV and HBC infection among stimulant users;
- Specific subgroups of stimulant users at greater risk of HIV, HCV and HBV infection;
- Temporal and geographical patterns of HIV, HCV and HBV infection among stimulant users.
The present review identified 15 publications on NPS and reporting the outcomes of interest (HIV, HCV, HBV rates or sexual risk behaviour or injecting risk behaviour). Only five of these were quantitative studies published in pee-reviewed journals (three cross-sectional surveys, one time-series analysis and one case-control study). There were two national reports (from the UK and Romania) and 4 qualitative studies. Most of the studies were from Europe and most published between 2014 and 2015. Therefore, the evidence gathered in this review is limited, recent and weak. The findings from the included studies should be taken as an indication of the link between NPS use and HIV and other factors affecting this relationship should be considered.
This review focused on synthetic cathinones as they induce a stimulant-like effect similar to MDMA, cocaine and amphetamines. The uses of these drugs seem to be most common in Europe, although they have been reported in Australia and in the US. A large cross-sectional survey in night clubs in New York concluded that synthetic cannabinoids and mephedrone among adults remains relatively low in comparison with European nightlife scenes (Kelly et al., 2013).
- The extent of HIV, HCV and HBC infection among stimulant users;
- Specific subgroups of stimulant users at greater risk of HIV, HCV and HBV infection;
- Temporal and geographical patterns of HIV, HCV and HBV infection among stimulant users.
The present review identified 15 publications on NPS and reporting the outcomes of interest (HIV, HCV, HBV rates or sexual risk behaviour or injecting risk behaviour). Only five of these were quantitative studies published in pee-reviewed journals (three cross-sectional surveys, one time-series analysis and one case-control study). There were two national reports (from the UK and Romania) and 4 qualitative studies. Most of the studies were from Europe and most published between 2014 and 2015. Therefore, the evidence gathered in this review is limited, recent and weak. The findings from the included studies should be taken as an indication of the link between NPS use and HIV and other factors affecting this relationship should be considered.
This review focused on synthetic cathinones as they induce a stimulant-like effect similar to MDMA, cocaine and amphetamines. The uses of these drugs seem to be most common in Europe, although they have been reported in Australia and in the US. A large cross-sectional survey in night clubs in New York concluded that synthetic cannabinoids and mephedrone among adults remains relatively low in comparison with European nightlife scenes (Kelly et al., 2013).