Historique
Article de Périodique
Wastewater testing compared with random urinalyses for the surveillance of illicit drug use in prisons (2016)
Auteur(s) :
BREWER, A. J. ;
BANTA-GREEN, C. J. ;
ORT, C. ;
ROBEL, A. E. ;
FIELD, J.
Année
2016
Page(s) :
133-137
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Refs biblio. :
18
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :
EPI (Epidémiologie / Epidemiology)
Thésaurus géographique
ETATS-UNIS
Thésaurus mots-clés
PRISON
;
EAUX USEES
;
ANALYSE CHIMIQUE
;
METHAMPHETAMINE
;
URINE
;
COMPARAISON
;
TEST
;
DEPISTAGE
;
PRODUIT ILLICITE
;
COCAINE
Résumé :
Introduction and Aims: Illicit drug use is known to occur among inmate populations of correctional (prison) facilities. Conventional approaches to monitor illicit drug use in prisons include random urinalyses (RUA). Conventional approaches are expected to be prone to bias because prisoners may be aware of which days of the week RUAs are conducted. Therefore, we wanted to compare wastewater loads for methamphetamine and cocaine during days with RUA testing and without.
Design and Methods: We collected daily 24-h composite samples of wastewater by continuous sampling, computed daily loads for 1 month and compared the frequency of illicit drug detection to the number of positive RUAs. Diurnal data also were collected for 3 days to determine within-day patterns of illicit drugs excretion.
Results: Methamphetamine was observed in each sample of prison wastewater with no significant difference in daily mass loads between RUA testing and non-testing days. Cocaine and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine, were observed only at levels below quantification in prison wastewater. Six RUAs were positive for methamphetamine during the month while none were positive for cocaine out of the 243 RUAs conducted.
Discussion and Conclusions: Wastewater analyses offer data regarding the frequency of illicit drug excretion inside the prison that RUAs alone could not detect.
Design and Methods: We collected daily 24-h composite samples of wastewater by continuous sampling, computed daily loads for 1 month and compared the frequency of illicit drug detection to the number of positive RUAs. Diurnal data also were collected for 3 days to determine within-day patterns of illicit drugs excretion.
Results: Methamphetamine was observed in each sample of prison wastewater with no significant difference in daily mass loads between RUA testing and non-testing days. Cocaine and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine, were observed only at levels below quantification in prison wastewater. Six RUAs were positive for methamphetamine during the month while none were positive for cocaine out of the 243 RUAs conducted.
Discussion and Conclusions: Wastewater analyses offer data regarding the frequency of illicit drug excretion inside the prison that RUAs alone could not detect.
Affiliation :
Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA