Historique
Article de Périodique
HIV and HCV transmission among intravenous drug users (2014)
Auteur(s) :
COLQUHOUN, R. ;
CHRISTIAN, G.
Année
2014
Page(s) :
1-39
Sous-type de document :
Revue de la littérature / Literature review
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Refs biblio. :
53
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :
MAL (Maladies infectieuses / Infectious diseases)
Thésaurus mots-clés
VIH
;
HEPATITE
;
INFECTION
;
USAGER
;
INJECTION
;
REDUCTION DES RISQUES ET DES DOMMAGES
;
CONTAMINATION
;
PREVENTION
;
VIRUS
;
PREVALENCE
;
ECHANGE DE SERINGUES
Thésaurus géographique
INTERNATIONAL
Résumé :
This paper examines the evidence for harm reduction policies on HIV and HCV transmission, evaluating the benefit to drug users and the community. Surveys show that HIV is primarily transmitted through unsafe sexual activity, while HCV is almost exclusively transmitted by unsafe drug injecting. A review of studies on NSPs and their effectiveness in preventing transmission of HCV and HIV shows there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate any benefit. Consequently, prevention should target those at risk of acquiring the viruses and providing education, risk reduction counselling, HIV and HCV screening and substance abuse treatment. For HCV, counselling should be focused on drug treatment, while for HIV the focus of prevention should be on screening and education of safe sex practices. Counselling needs to focus on reducing the risk of HIV and HCV transmission to others, as well as treatment, safe sex and drug use practices such as reducing alcohol usage and reducing exposure to other STDs.
Affiliation :
Dalgarno Institute ; Drug Free Australia