Historique
Rapport
Designed for addiction. How the tobacco industry has made cigarettes more addictive, more attractive to kids and even more deadly
Auteur(s) :
BURNS, D. ;
DONNY, E. ;
HATSUKAMI, D. ;
HECHT, S. ;
HENNINGFIELD, J.
Année
2014
Page(s) :
42 p.
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Éditeur(s) :
Washington : Campaign for tobacco-free kids
Refs biblio. :
110
Domaine :
Tabac / Tobacco / e-cigarette
Discipline :
PRO (Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods)
Thésaurus géographique
ETATS-UNIS
Thésaurus mots-clés
NICOTINE
;
SANTE PUBLIQUE
;
TABAC
;
PUBLICITE
;
CIGARETTE
;
ADULTERANT
;
POTENTIEL ADDICTIF
;
ADOLESCENT
;
ENFANT
;
INDUSTRIE DU TABAC
Note de contenu :
CONTENTS:
Executive summary
Increasing the addictiveness of cigarettes (Nicotine. Ammonia. Sugars and Acetaldehyde.)
Maximizing the attractiveness of tobacco products (Levulinic Acid. Flavorings. Bronchodilators. Menthol.)
Design changes in recent decades have made cigarettes more lethal (Tobacco-specific Nitrosamines. Ventilated Filters.)
Conclusion
Executive summary
Increasing the addictiveness of cigarettes (Nicotine. Ammonia. Sugars and Acetaldehyde.)
Maximizing the attractiveness of tobacco products (Levulinic Acid. Flavorings. Bronchodilators. Menthol.)
Design changes in recent decades have made cigarettes more lethal (Tobacco-specific Nitrosamines. Ventilated Filters.)
Conclusion
Résumé :
This report describes key ways in which tobacco companies design and manipulate their products to attract new youth smokers, create and sustain addiction, mislead consumers to think that they are reducing their risk of disease and make it more difficult for users to quit. [...] Independent evidence and the tobacco industry's own documents make clear that the tobacco companies have used design features and chemical additives in the manufacturing process in ways that increase the impact of nicotine, the addictive agent in tobacco products. Some of the ways the addictiveness of cigarettes has been increased include:
- Increasing nicotine levels
- Adding ammonia or ammonia compounds, which increase the speed at which nicotine is delivered to the brain
- Adding sugars , which increase the addictive effects of nicotine and make it easier to inhale tobacco smoke.
[...]
Additives the industry uses to attract new tobacco users include:
- Levulinic acid reduces the harshness of nicotine and makes the smoke feel smoother and less irritating.
- Flavorings, such as chocolate and liquorice , boost the sweetness of tobacco, mask the harshness of the smoke and make tobacco products more appealing to young people.
- Bronchodilators expand the lungs’ airways, making it easier for tobacco smoke to pass into the lungs.
- Menthol cools and numbs the throat to reduce throat irritation and makes the smoke feel smoother.
- Increasing nicotine levels
- Adding ammonia or ammonia compounds, which increase the speed at which nicotine is delivered to the brain
- Adding sugars , which increase the addictive effects of nicotine and make it easier to inhale tobacco smoke.
[...]
Additives the industry uses to attract new tobacco users include:
- Levulinic acid reduces the harshness of nicotine and makes the smoke feel smoother and less irritating.
- Flavorings, such as chocolate and liquorice , boost the sweetness of tobacco, mask the harshness of the smoke and make tobacco products more appealing to young people.
- Bronchodilators expand the lungs’ airways, making it easier for tobacco smoke to pass into the lungs.
- Menthol cools and numbs the throat to reduce throat irritation and makes the smoke feel smoother.
Affiliation :
USA