Historique
Article de Périodique
Cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis: a systematic meta-analysis (2011)
Auteur(s) :
LARGE, M. ;
SHARMA, S. ;
COMPTON, M. T. ;
SLADE, T. ;
NIELSSEN, O.
Année
2011
Page(s) :
555-561
Sous-type de document :
Méta-analyse / Meta-analysis
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Refs biblio. :
47
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :
PSY (Psychopathologie / Psychopathology)
Thésaurus mots-clés
CANNABIS
;
TROUBLE BIPOLAIRE
;
PSYCHOSE
;
PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE
;
AGE
;
SCHIZOPHRENIE
;
COMORBIDITE
Résumé :
FRANÇAIS :
Les chercheurs ayant réalisé cette étude ont retenu 83 études comparant l'âge lors de l'apparition de la psychose dans des cohortes de patients consommant des substances et l'âge lors de l'apparition de la psychose chez des patients non consommateurs. Les résultats ont montré que l'apparition de la psychose arrivait 2,7 ans plus tôt chez les patients consommateurs de cannabis, alors qu'il n'y avait pas de différence significative pour les patients consommateurs d'alcool.
Les auteurs concluent que les résultats soutiennent l'hypothèse selon laquelle le cannabis joue un rôle causal dans le développement de la psychose chez certains patients. [D'après CQDT]
ENGLISH:
CONTEXT: A number of studies have found that the use of cannabis and other psychoactive substances is associated with an earlier onset of psychotic illness.
OBJECTIVE: To establish the extent to which use of cannabis, alcohol, and other psychoactive substances affects the age at onset of psychosis by meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed publications in English reporting age at onset of psychotic illness in substance-using and non-substance-using groups were located using searches of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and ISI Web of Science.
STUDY SELECTION: Studies in English comparing the age at onset of psychosis in cohorts of patients who use substances with age at onset of psychosis in non-substance-using patients. The searches yielded 443 articles, from which 83 studies met the inclusion criteria.
DATA EXTRACTION: Information on study design, study population, and effect size were extracted independently by 2 of us.
DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analysis found that the age at onset of psychosis for cannabis users was 2.70 years younger (standardized mean difference = -0.414) than for nonusers; for those with broadly defined substance use, the age at onset of psychosis was 2.00 years younger (standardized mean difference = -0.315) than for nonusers. Alcohol use was not associated with a significantly earlier age at onset of psychosis. Differences in the proportion of cannabis users in the substance-using group made a significant contribution to the heterogeneity in the effect sizes between studies, confirming an association between cannabis use and earlier mean age at onset of psychotic illness.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of meta-analysis provide evidence for a relationship between cannabis use and earlier onset of psychotic illness, and they support the hypothesis that cannabis use plays a causal role in the development of psychosis in some patients. The results suggest the need for renewed warnings about the potentially harmful effects of cannabis.
Les chercheurs ayant réalisé cette étude ont retenu 83 études comparant l'âge lors de l'apparition de la psychose dans des cohortes de patients consommant des substances et l'âge lors de l'apparition de la psychose chez des patients non consommateurs. Les résultats ont montré que l'apparition de la psychose arrivait 2,7 ans plus tôt chez les patients consommateurs de cannabis, alors qu'il n'y avait pas de différence significative pour les patients consommateurs d'alcool.
Les auteurs concluent que les résultats soutiennent l'hypothèse selon laquelle le cannabis joue un rôle causal dans le développement de la psychose chez certains patients. [D'après CQDT]
ENGLISH:
CONTEXT: A number of studies have found that the use of cannabis and other psychoactive substances is associated with an earlier onset of psychotic illness.
OBJECTIVE: To establish the extent to which use of cannabis, alcohol, and other psychoactive substances affects the age at onset of psychosis by meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed publications in English reporting age at onset of psychotic illness in substance-using and non-substance-using groups were located using searches of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and ISI Web of Science.
STUDY SELECTION: Studies in English comparing the age at onset of psychosis in cohorts of patients who use substances with age at onset of psychosis in non-substance-using patients. The searches yielded 443 articles, from which 83 studies met the inclusion criteria.
DATA EXTRACTION: Information on study design, study population, and effect size were extracted independently by 2 of us.
DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analysis found that the age at onset of psychosis for cannabis users was 2.70 years younger (standardized mean difference = -0.414) than for nonusers; for those with broadly defined substance use, the age at onset of psychosis was 2.00 years younger (standardized mean difference = -0.315) than for nonusers. Alcohol use was not associated with a significantly earlier age at onset of psychosis. Differences in the proportion of cannabis users in the substance-using group made a significant contribution to the heterogeneity in the effect sizes between studies, confirming an association between cannabis use and earlier mean age at onset of psychotic illness.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of meta-analysis provide evidence for a relationship between cannabis use and earlier onset of psychotic illness, and they support the hypothesis that cannabis use plays a causal role in the development of psychosis in some patients. The results suggest the need for renewed warnings about the potentially harmful effects of cannabis.
Affiliation :
Mental Health Service, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia