Historique
Rapport
Chemistry and toxicology of paraquat contaminated marihuana : Final report
Auteur(s) :
NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse)
Année
1978
Page(s) :
82 p.
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Éditeur(s) :
Rockville, MD : NIDA
Refs biblio. :
23
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :
PRO (Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods)
Résumé :
The National Institute on Drug Abuse has released a final report on paraquat contamination of marihuana which concludes that if a person smokes 5 marihuana cigarettes every day for 1 year, each cigarette containing 500 parts per million of paraquat, permanent lung fibrosis could develop. Fibrosis is a condition which reduces the capacity of the lungs to absorb oxygen.
When the possible risks of paraquat are added to the pulmonary hazards of chronic marihuana use, the chance for severe consequences to the lungs increases.
Researchers have found that only a very small amount of paraquat is transferred from the marihuana leaf to the smoke-between 0.2 and 0.3%.From this, it can be estimated that a 1 gram marihuana cigarette contaminated at 500 ppm would produce smoke containing approximately 1 microgram of paraquat. Animal studies have led researchers to conclude that if 1 microgram of paraquat is inhaled repeatedly without time between doses to permit repair of the damage to the lungs, permanent lung tissue damage may occur. The extent and degree of this damage would depend on the cumulative dose. In Environmental Protection Agency studies with hamsters, between 2.5 and 5 micrograms of inhaled paraquat produced adverse changes in the animal lungs after a single administration.It should be noted, however, that to date no case of human poisoning from paraquat contaminated marihuana has been confirmed in the United States.(Author's abstract)
When the possible risks of paraquat are added to the pulmonary hazards of chronic marihuana use, the chance for severe consequences to the lungs increases.
Researchers have found that only a very small amount of paraquat is transferred from the marihuana leaf to the smoke-between 0.2 and 0.3%.From this, it can be estimated that a 1 gram marihuana cigarette contaminated at 500 ppm would produce smoke containing approximately 1 microgram of paraquat. Animal studies have led researchers to conclude that if 1 microgram of paraquat is inhaled repeatedly without time between doses to permit repair of the damage to the lungs, permanent lung tissue damage may occur. The extent and degree of this damage would depend on the cumulative dose. In Environmental Protection Agency studies with hamsters, between 2.5 and 5 micrograms of inhaled paraquat produced adverse changes in the animal lungs after a single administration.It should be noted, however, that to date no case of human poisoning from paraquat contaminated marihuana has been confirmed in the United States.(Author's abstract)