Historique
Rapport
CUT: a guide to adulterants, bulking agents and other contaminants found in illicit drugs
Auteur(s) :
COLE, C. ;
JONES, L. ;
McVEIGH, J. ;
KICMAN, A. ;
SYED, Q. ;
BELLIS, M. A.
Année
2010
Page(s) :
57 p.
Sous-type de document :
Revue de la littérature / Literature review
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Éditeur(s) :
Liverpool : Centre for Public Health
ISBN :
978-1-907441-48-6
Refs biblio. :
164
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :
PRO (Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods)
Thésaurus mots-clés
ADULTERANT
;
HEROINE
;
COCAINE
;
CRACK
;
AMPHETAMINE
;
METHAMPHETAMINE
;
MDMA-ECSTASY
;
CANNABIS
;
KETAMINE
;
GHB
;
LSD
;
ANALYSE CHIMIQUE
;
SURVEILLANCE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE
;
REDUCTION DES RISQUES ET DES DOMMAGES
;
INFORMATION
;
PURETE
Note de contenu :
List of Tables:
Table 1: Summary of drug adulteration evidence
Table 2: Summary of common bacterial infections caused by adulterated illicit drugs
Table 3: Details of studies where adulterants have been reported in heroin
Table 4: Details of case reports where adverse health effects and death were reported as a consequence of adulterated heroin/opium
Table 5: Details of studies where adulterants have been reported in cocaine/crack cocaine
Table 6: Details of case reports where adverse health effects and death were reported as a consequence of adulterated cocaine
Table 7: Details of case reports where adverse health effects and death were reported as a consequence of adulterated methamphetamine
Table 8: Details of studies where adulterants have been reported in ecstasy
Table 9: Details of case reports where adverse health effects and death were reported as a consequence of adulterated ecstasy
Table 1: Summary of drug adulteration evidence
Table 2: Summary of common bacterial infections caused by adulterated illicit drugs
Table 3: Details of studies where adulterants have been reported in heroin
Table 4: Details of case reports where adverse health effects and death were reported as a consequence of adulterated heroin/opium
Table 5: Details of studies where adulterants have been reported in cocaine/crack cocaine
Table 6: Details of case reports where adverse health effects and death were reported as a consequence of adulterated cocaine
Table 7: Details of case reports where adverse health effects and death were reported as a consequence of adulterated methamphetamine
Table 8: Details of studies where adulterants have been reported in ecstasy
Table 9: Details of case reports where adverse health effects and death were reported as a consequence of adulterated ecstasy
Résumé :
Historically, and more recently, it has been a common perception that illicit drugs typically contain other substances in addition to the purported active ingredient that can have serious adverse health consequences or even cause premature death. The reasons for inclusion of additional elements in illicit drugs are often varied and not always intentional by the manufacturer. Additional substances may be added to bulk, dilute, complement or enhance the effects of the drugs. The evidence suggests that illicit drugs are more commonly adulterated with benign substances (such as sugars), substances that will enhance or mimic the effects of illicit drugs (such as quinine in heroin or such as procaine in cocaine) or substances that will facilitate the administration of the illicit drug (such as caffeine in heroin and cocaine to facilitate smoking). Other adulterants are the result of manufacturing, production or storage techniques, for example alkaloids, microorganisms or other biological and infectious agents. Bacterial infections attributed to illicit drug adulteration were most common amongst injecting drug users (particularly heroin and cocaine injectors).
This document is an evidence-based overview of adulterants (here, any substance or organism found in illicit drugs at the point of purchase other than the active ingredient), their effects on health and the development of messages and other public health interventions to reduce their impact.
This document is an evidence-based overview of adulterants (here, any substance or organism found in illicit drugs at the point of purchase other than the active ingredient), their effects on health and the development of messages and other public health interventions to reduce their impact.
Affiliation :
Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, UK