Historique
Article de Périodique
Pulmonary hazards of smoking marijuana as compared with tobacco (1988)
Auteur(s) :
WU, T. C. ;
TASHKIN D.P. ;
DJAHEB B. ;
ROSE, J. E.
Année
1988
Page(s) :
347-351
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Refs biblio. :
27
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :
PAT (Pathologie organique / Organic pathology)
Thésaurus mots-clés
CANNABIS
;
FUMER
;
APPAREIL RESPIRATOIRE
;
SANG
;
BIOLOGIE
;
COMPARAISON
;
POUMON
;
FACTEUR DE RISQUE
Résumé :
FRANÇAIS :
15 sujets fumeurs habituels (tabac et marijuana) ont été testés en comparant une cigarette de tabac, une de marijuana et une cigarette placebo de marijuana. Pour les cigarettes de marijuana, par rapport au tabac, on obtient un taux sanguin de carboxyhémoglobine 5 fois plus grand , 4 fois plus de particules insolubles inhalées, (30 % de plus de retenues dans l'arbre respiratoire). De même pour la manière de fumer : le volume des bouffées est augmenté de 70 %, le volume inhalé l'est de 35 %, La durée de rétention de la fumée est quatre fois plus longue. La seule différence marijuana/placebo est sur le degré d'intoxication ressenti. L'absence de différence entre la dynamique du fumeur de placebo et celle du fumeur de marijuana est probablement due à l'apprentissage lié aux expériences précédentes. [Résumé Toxibase]
ENGLISH:
To compare the pulmonary hazards of smoking marijuana and tobacco, we quantified the relative burden to the lung of insoluble particulates (tar) and carbon monoxide from the smoke of similar quantities of marijuana and tobacco. The 15 subjects, all men, had smoked both marijuana and tobacco habitually for at least five years. We measured each subject's blood carboxyhemoglobin level before and after smoking and the amount of tar inhaled and deposited in the respiratory tract from the smoke of single filter-tipped tobacco cigarettes (900 to 1200 mg) and marijuana cigarettes (741 to 985 mg) containing 0.004 percent or 1.24 percent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
As compared with smoking tobacco, smoking marijuana was associated with a nearly fivefold greater increment in the blood carboxyhemoglobin level, an approximately threefold increase in the amount of tar inhaled, and retention in the respiratory tract of one third more inhaled tar (P<0.001). Significant differences were also noted in the dynamics of smoking marijuana and tobacco, among them an approximately two-thirds larger puff volume, a one-third greater depth of inhalation, and a fourfold longer breath-holding time with marijuana than with tobacco (P<0.01). Smoking dynamics and the delivery of tar during marijuana smoking were only slightly influenced by the percentage of tetrahydrocannabinol.
We conclude that smoking marijuana, regardless of tetrahydrocannabinol content, results in a substantially greater respiratory burden of carbon monoxide and tar than smoking a similar quantity of tobacco.
15 sujets fumeurs habituels (tabac et marijuana) ont été testés en comparant une cigarette de tabac, une de marijuana et une cigarette placebo de marijuana. Pour les cigarettes de marijuana, par rapport au tabac, on obtient un taux sanguin de carboxyhémoglobine 5 fois plus grand , 4 fois plus de particules insolubles inhalées, (30 % de plus de retenues dans l'arbre respiratoire). De même pour la manière de fumer : le volume des bouffées est augmenté de 70 %, le volume inhalé l'est de 35 %, La durée de rétention de la fumée est quatre fois plus longue. La seule différence marijuana/placebo est sur le degré d'intoxication ressenti. L'absence de différence entre la dynamique du fumeur de placebo et celle du fumeur de marijuana est probablement due à l'apprentissage lié aux expériences précédentes. [Résumé Toxibase]
ENGLISH:
To compare the pulmonary hazards of smoking marijuana and tobacco, we quantified the relative burden to the lung of insoluble particulates (tar) and carbon monoxide from the smoke of similar quantities of marijuana and tobacco. The 15 subjects, all men, had smoked both marijuana and tobacco habitually for at least five years. We measured each subject's blood carboxyhemoglobin level before and after smoking and the amount of tar inhaled and deposited in the respiratory tract from the smoke of single filter-tipped tobacco cigarettes (900 to 1200 mg) and marijuana cigarettes (741 to 985 mg) containing 0.004 percent or 1.24 percent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
As compared with smoking tobacco, smoking marijuana was associated with a nearly fivefold greater increment in the blood carboxyhemoglobin level, an approximately threefold increase in the amount of tar inhaled, and retention in the respiratory tract of one third more inhaled tar (P<0.001). Significant differences were also noted in the dynamics of smoking marijuana and tobacco, among them an approximately two-thirds larger puff volume, a one-third greater depth of inhalation, and a fourfold longer breath-holding time with marijuana than with tobacco (P<0.01). Smoking dynamics and the delivery of tar during marijuana smoking were only slightly influenced by the percentage of tetrahydrocannabinol.
We conclude that smoking marijuana, regardless of tetrahydrocannabinol content, results in a substantially greater respiratory burden of carbon monoxide and tar than smoking a similar quantity of tobacco.
Affiliation :
Dept Med., Univ. Calif., Los Angeles, CA, USA