Historique
Article de Périodique
Clinical update: codeine maintenance in opioid dependence (2007)
Auteur(s) :
HALL, W. D. ;
MATTICK, R. P.
Année
2007
Page(s) :
550-552
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Refs biblio. :
20
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Thésaurus mots-clés
OPIACES
;
DEPENDANCE
;
CODEINE
;
SUBSTITUTION
;
TRAITEMENT DE MAINTENANCE
;
COMPARAISON
Thésaurus géographique
INTERNATIONAL
Résumé :
In Australia, the USA, and Europe, 0.4°%-0.8% of adults develop a dependence on illicit opioids. These people typically use opioids daily, despite being arrested, imprisoned, infected with blood-borne viruses, and having non-fatal drug overdoses. Users of illicit opioids have generally been those who inject heroin, but, during the 1990s, many in Europe, North America, and parts of Asia reverted to older methods of use, including smoking and chasing of heroin-inhalation of the fumes released when heroin is heated. Because of a substantial reduction in heroin supply in the early 21st century, users in Australia, Canada, and the USA have increasingly used pharmaceutical opioids. [...] Oral naltrexone has also been used to prevent relapse after completion of withdrawal, but compliance has been poor and the risk of opioid overdose is increased when patients relapse with zero opioid tolerance. These poor outcomes have prompted recent trials of naltrexone implants and depot injections to improve compliance, but there is, as yet, insufficient evidence to assess their long-term effects and risks. (Extract of the publication)
Affiliation :
School of Population Health, Univ. of Queensland, Herston, Australia