Historique
Périodique
Evidence for sugar addiction: behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake
Auteur(s) :
AVENA, N. M. ;
RADA, P. ;
HOEBEL B. G.
Année
2008
Page(s) :
20-39
Langue(s) :
Français
Domaine :
Autres substances / Other substances
Thésaurus mots-clés
MODELE ANIMAL
;
GLUCIDES
;
NEUROBIOLOGIE
;
BOULIMIE
;
ADDICTION
;
COMPULSION
;
COMPORTEMENT ALIMENTAIRE
;
COMPARAISON
Note générale :
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2008, 32, (1), 20-39
Résumé :
ENGLISH :
The experimental question is whether or not sugar can be a substance of abuse and lead to a natural form of addiction. "Food addiction" seems plausible because brain pathways that evolved to respond to natural rewards are also activated by addictive drugs. Sugar is noteworthy as a substance that releases opioids and dopamine and thus might be expected to have addictive potential. This review summarizes evidence of sugar dependence in an animal model. Four components of addiction are analyzed. "Bingeing," "withdrawal," "craving" and "cross-sensitization" are each given operational definitions and demonstrated behaviorally with sugar bingeing as the reinforcer. These behaviors are then related to neurochemical changes in the brain that also occur with addictive drugs. Neural adaptations include changes in dopamine and opioid receptor binding, enkephalin mRNA expression and dopamine and acetylcholine release in the nucleus accumbens. The evidence supports the hypothesis that under certain circumstances rats can become sugar dependent. This may translate to some human conditions as suggested by the literature on eating disorders and obesity. (Author' s abstract)
Affiliation :
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
Etats-Unis. United States.
Etats-Unis. United States.
Cote :
A03905