Historique
Article de Périodique
Urine toxicology screens in drivers suspected of driving while impaired from drugs (1996)
(Dépistage urinaire chez des conducteurs suspectés de conduire sous l'emprise de drogues)
Auteur(s) :
TOMASZEWSKI, C. ;
KIRK, M. ;
BINGHAM, E. ;
SALTZMAN B. ;
COOK, R. ;
KULIG, K.
Année
1996
Page(s) :
37-44
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Refs biblio. :
49
Domaine :
Drogues illicites / Illicit drugs
Discipline :
LOI (Loi et son application / Law enforcement)
Thésaurus mots-clés
CANNABIS
;
OPIACES
;
MEDICAMENTS
;
DEPISTAGE
;
URINE
;
TEST
;
POLICE
;
CONDUITE DE VEHICULE
Résumé :
FRANÇAIS :
Les services de police ont développé une méthode d'évaluation standard pour le dépistage des conducteurs sous effet de drogues autres que l'alcool. Ces évaluations sont menées par des officiers de police spécialement formés. L'étude a été réalisée à Denver entre 1988 et 1990. 79,8% des personnes testées étaient positives: 66,9% pour le cannabis, 33,1% pour des stimulants, 9,9% pour des dépresseurs du système nerveux et 5% pour des somnifères.
ENGLISH :
Objective: Police departments, in conjunction with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, have developed a standardized evaluation aimed at identifying drivers impaired by drugs other than ethanol. These evaluations are performed by specially trained police officers known as Drug Recognition Experts. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the evaluations of 242 drivers detained for driving while impaired in the City and County of Denver from January 1, 1988 to June 30, 1990. Results: All drivers had urine toxicology screens performed, which were positive for a mean 1.2 ± 0.9 SD (range zero to four) for drugs having the potential for causing driving impairment. The 193/242 urine screens (79.8%) testing positive showed the following drugs: cannabis 162 (66.9%), stimulants (including cocaine metabolites) 80 (33.1 %), depressants (benzodiazepines and barbiturates) 24 (9.9%), narcotics 12 (5.0%), inhalants (toluene) 1 (0.4%), hallucinogens (LSD) 1 (0.4%), and other 3 (1.2%). Drug Recognition Experts, based on their initial evaluation, were able to predict correctly some or all of the drugs found on the urine screens in 178/242 (73.6%) of cases. Overall agreement between the Drug Recognition Experts opinions and urine screen results had a kappa value (p < 0.05) of 0.41. Conclusions: There was a high rate (79.8%) of positive urine toxicology screens in drivers suspected of nonethanol drug impairment. In most cases, Drug Recognition Experts were able to reliably predict the results of these screens.
Les services de police ont développé une méthode d'évaluation standard pour le dépistage des conducteurs sous effet de drogues autres que l'alcool. Ces évaluations sont menées par des officiers de police spécialement formés. L'étude a été réalisée à Denver entre 1988 et 1990. 79,8% des personnes testées étaient positives: 66,9% pour le cannabis, 33,1% pour des stimulants, 9,9% pour des dépresseurs du système nerveux et 5% pour des somnifères.
ENGLISH :
Objective: Police departments, in conjunction with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, have developed a standardized evaluation aimed at identifying drivers impaired by drugs other than ethanol. These evaluations are performed by specially trained police officers known as Drug Recognition Experts. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the evaluations of 242 drivers detained for driving while impaired in the City and County of Denver from January 1, 1988 to June 30, 1990. Results: All drivers had urine toxicology screens performed, which were positive for a mean 1.2 ± 0.9 SD (range zero to four) for drugs having the potential for causing driving impairment. The 193/242 urine screens (79.8%) testing positive showed the following drugs: cannabis 162 (66.9%), stimulants (including cocaine metabolites) 80 (33.1 %), depressants (benzodiazepines and barbiturates) 24 (9.9%), narcotics 12 (5.0%), inhalants (toluene) 1 (0.4%), hallucinogens (LSD) 1 (0.4%), and other 3 (1.2%). Drug Recognition Experts, based on their initial evaluation, were able to predict correctly some or all of the drugs found on the urine screens in 178/242 (73.6%) of cases. Overall agreement between the Drug Recognition Experts opinions and urine screen results had a kappa value (p < 0.05) of 0.41. Conclusions: There was a high rate (79.8%) of positive urine toxicology screens in drivers suspected of nonethanol drug impairment. In most cases, Drug Recognition Experts were able to reliably predict the results of these screens.
Affiliation :
Dept Emerg. Med., Carolinas Med Ctr, PO Box 32861, Charlotte NC
Etats-Unis. United States.
Etats-Unis. United States.