Historique
Article de Périodique
Addiction and its reward process through polymorphisms of the D2 dopamine receptor gene: a review (2000)
(Etude de l'addiction et du mécanisme de récompense à travers le polymorphisme du gène D2 récepteur de la dopamine : revue de la littérature)
Auteur(s) :
NOBLE, E. P.
Année
2000
Page(s) :
79-89
Sous-type de document :
Revue de la littérature / Literature review
Langue(s) :
Anglais
Refs biblio. :
74
Domaine :
Plusieurs produits / Several products
Discipline :
PRO (Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods)
Résumé :
Since 1990, association studies have amassed strong evidence implicating the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene in alcoholism. Specifically, the Taql A minor (A1) allele of the DRD2 gene has been associated with alcoholism. The DRD2 gene has also been found to be involved in other substance use disorders including cocaine, nicotine and opioid dependence, and obesity. Beyond association studies, pharmacologic studies have shown reduced brain D2 dopamine receptor numbers in A1+ allele carriers (A1A1 and A1A2 genotypes) compared to A1- allele carriers (A2A2 genotype). Through a number of other approaches, different phenotypes have also been identified in subjects with the A1+ and A1- alleles. These include metabolic, neurophysiological, neuropsychological, personality, stress and treatment studies. It is hypothesized that in an effort to compensate for deficiencies in the dopaminergic system, substance abusers may seek to stimulate the mesocorticolimbic circuits of the brain, long thought to be important in behavioral reward and reinforcement. In effect, one form of the DRD2 gene, the A1 allele, renders the dopaminergic system inefficient and rewards substance abuse that increases brain dopamine levels. (Author' s abstract)
Affiliation :
Dept Psychiatr. Behavior. Sci., Brain Res. Inst., Univ. California, Los Angeles CA
Etats-Unis. United States.
Etats-Unis. United States.