Historique
Périodique
Conductas adictivas: de la neurobiologia al evolucionismo
(Conduites addictives : de la neurologie à l'évolutionnisme) ; (Addictive behaviours: from neurology to evolutionary perspective)
Auteur(s) :
TIRAPU USTARROZ, J. ;
LOREA CONDE, I. ;
LANDA, N.
Année
2003
Page(s) :
255-271
Langue(s) :
Espagnol
Refs biblio. :
78
Domaine :
Drogues illicites
Discipline :
PRO (Produits, mode d'action, méthode de dépistage / Substances, action mode, screening methods)
Thésaurus mots-clés
ADDICTION
;
COMPORTEMENT
;
NEUROBIOLOGIE
;
THEORIE
;
EVOLUTION
;
NEUROTRANSMETTEURS
;
DOPAMINE
;
GENETIQUE
;
RECHERCHE
Note générale :
Adicciones, 2003, 15, (3), 255-271, tabl.
Résumé :
Neuroimaging techniques and neurobiologic explanations on addictive behaviour have thrown a certain light on the underlying cerebral processes involved in said behaviours, and in particular the role of the so-called brain reward systems. Yet, these findings are not very conclusive or present significant epistemological problems. The objective of this report is to review the brain-addiction relationships, establishing different levels of analysis. Thus, the evolutionist perspective shows aspects of the cerebral "design" related to the dopaminergic mesolimbic system involved in pleasure and desire behaviours. Neurobiology has established the relationship between addiction and neurotransmission and, although the studies are not conclusive, seem to indicate an influence of the dopaminergic systems. Genetics indicate the existence of vulnerability whereas the experience facilitates the transcription of the "addiction genes". Finally, the impulsivity dimension, associated with the addiction, is explained by an hypoactive prefrontal cortex that provokes the addicts into behaving like hipophobic subjects, unable to preserve themselves from the danger, leading to a highly nonadaptive behaviour. Proximal explanations together with distal models contribute information leading to a better approach to understanding this phenomenon from the complementary knowledge and non-exclusive perspective. (Author' s abstract)
Affiliation :
Clinica Ubarmin, 31486 Elcano.
Espagne. Spain.
Espagne. Spain.