Cost-effectiveness of HIV postexposure prophylaxis following sexual or injection drug exposure in 96 metropolitan areas in the United States

ENGLISH :
Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) following sexual or injection-related exposures in 96 metropolitan statistical areas in the United States (MSA). Design: Empirical, model-based cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods: Epidemiological and population size estimates from the literature were combined with information about the distribution of exposure types, PEP completion rate, proportion of source partners known to be HIV infected, and PEP program costs obtained from a feasibility study of PEP in San Francisco to estimate the cost-effectiveness of hypothetical PEP programs in each of the 96 MSA. The effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy following sexual or drug use-related exposures, which is presently not known, was assumed equal to the effectiveness of zidovudine monotherapy in the occupational setting. The main outcome measure was the cost-utility ratio, defined as the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) saved by the PEP intervention. Results: The cost-utility ratios for the 96 MSA ranged from $4137 to $39 101 per QALY saved; only two of the ratios exceeded $30 000 per QALY saved. Combined across the 96 MSA, the hypothetical PEP programs would reach nearly 20 000 clients at a total cost of approximately $22 million. The overall cost-utility ratio across MSA was $12,567 per QALY saved. The majority of the HIV infections prevented by PEP were among men and women who reported receptive anal intercourse exposure. Conclusions: PEP following sexual or drug use-related exposures could be a cost-effective complement to existing HIV-prevention efforts in most MSA across the United States. (Author' s abstract)